{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:21:56Z","timestamp":1787664116130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Shared Instrumentation Program","award":["S10 OD016219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD016219"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017428","name":"Clean Cooking Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21 TW010957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 TW010957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["324337\/Z\/25\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324337\/Z\/25\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 ES019547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES019547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Res.: Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Heat exposure has been linked to psychosocial stress, an established antecedent of perinatal depression; however, evidence on heat-related stress during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. We analyzed psychosocial stress scores and covariate data from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study, linking daily maximum and minimum shaded wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) metrics to participants\u2019 stress scores derived from the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised Life Events Questionnaire. We evaluated associations using ordinal logistic regression of pregnancy-average and trimester-average exposures and distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) to assess time-varying associations across gestation. Higher average maximum WBGT exposure across pregnancy was associated with increased odds of higher psychosocial stress; each 1 \u00b0C increase in maximum WBGT was associated with 64% higher odds of belonging to a higher stress category (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.17\u20132.31;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0040). In trimester-average models, higher first-trimester maximum WBGT was also associated with higher stress (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.15\u20131.81;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0014). DLNMs suggested that relatively cooler daily maximum WBGT values (25th percentile) were associated with decreased odds of stress in early pregnancy, whereas extreme daily maximum WBGT values (99th percentile) showed a pattern consistent with increased odds of stress in mid-to-late gestation. These findings highlight gestational windows in which heat exposure may influence stress, emphasizing the need for further research into underlying mechanisms and effective interventions to protect maternal mental health in heat-vulnerable settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:51:05Z","timestamp":1785192665000},"page":"035018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heat exposure and maternal stress: evidence from the GRAPHS pregnancy cohort in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4523-7145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lewis","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5638-4814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth A","family":"Ae-Ngibise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-0462","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cascade","family":"Tuholske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana State University"},{"name":"Montana State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9932-0201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darby","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4393-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed N","family":"Mujtaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbie M","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2982-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6685-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Chillrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana State University"},{"name":"Montana State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6949-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyram","family":"Kaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7957-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana C","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Washington University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1166-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montana State University"},{"name":"Montana State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5518-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-351X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kwaku Poku","family":"Asante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Health Service"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"erhae90dcbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13502","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The impact of extreme heat exposure on pregnant people and neonates: a state of the science review","volume":"68","author":"Baharav","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21955\/wellcomeopenres.1115399.1","type":"report","article-title":"A narrative overview of potential mechanisms underpinning the relationship between heat and mental health","author":"The Wellcome Trust","year":"2024"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094486","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Climate change and mental health: a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Charlson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib4","article-title":"Climate change and heatwaves","author":"World Meteorological Organization","year":"2023","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0222-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Higher temperatures increase suicide rates in the United States and Mexico","volume":"8","author":"Burke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-0112-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework","volume":"55","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-022-02301-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: review of the evidence from an expert group meeting","volume":"66","author":"Samuels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6322-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Sociodemographic correlates of depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional analytic study among healthy urban Ghanaian women","volume":"19","author":"Bonful","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/14649934221103913","type":"journal-article","article-title":"\u2018I do not want her to be doing anything stressful\u2019: men\u2019s involvement in domestic work during pregnancy in Ghana","volume":"22","author":"Ampim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Dev. Stud."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1002\/pcn5.143","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Postpartum depression: the prevalence and associated factors among women attending postnatal clinics in the Bawku municipality, Upper East Region of Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Daliri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib11","author":"Extreme heat, pregnancy and women\u2019s well-being in Burkina Faso: an ethnographical study","type":"report"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3811","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3811","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"371","author":"Chersich","year":"2020","journal-title":"bmj"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Association between temperature and maternal stress during pregnancy","volume":"158","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00104-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ambient temperature and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib15","first-page":"1381","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new measure of contemporary life stress: development, validation, and reliability of the CRISYS","volume":"33","author":"Shalowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11807","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Humidity\u2019s role in heat-related health outcomes: a heated debate","volume":"131","author":"Baldwin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Ghana randomized air pollution and health study (GRAPHS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0930-8","type":"report"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2535-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prenatal maternal stress and birth outcomes in rural Ghana: sex-specific associations","volume":"19","author":"Ae-Ngibise","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3803","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ERA5 global reanalysis","volume":"146","author":"Hersbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1980)108<1046:TCOEPT>2.0.CO;2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The computation of equivalent potential temperature","volume":"10","author":"Bolton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib21","author":"Heat Index Equation","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.989365","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heat index and adjusted temperature as surrogates for wet bulb globe temperature to screen for occupational heat stress","volume":"12","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102322","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigating wet-bulb globe temperature on heat-related illness in general population for alerting heat exposure: a time-stratified case-crossover study","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal household air pollution exposure and infant growth trajectories: evidence from a rural Ghanaian pregnancy cohort","volume":"129","author":"Boamah-kaali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Distributed lag non-linear models","volume":"29","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-55","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Attributable risk from distributed lag models","volume":"14","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx184","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Potential for bias when estimating critical windows for air pollution in children\u2019s health","volume":"186","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913352107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress","volume":"107","author":"Sherwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1880-6805-31-14","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm","volume":"31","author":"Okamoto-mizuno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2810","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression","volume":"36","author":"Alvaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.260","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mental disease-related emergency admissions attributable to hot temperatures","volume":"616\u2013617","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02005-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Variable and dynamic associations between hot weather, thermal comfort, and individuals\u2019 emotional states during summertime","volume":"12","author":"Meidenbauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12830","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Re\u2010examining the effect of heat and water stress on agricultural output growth: how is sub\u2010Saharan Africa different?","volume":"55","author":"Jarrett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Econ."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aad9837","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9837","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Social and economic impacts of climate","volume":"353","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.05.025","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Association of prenatal and early childhood stress with reduced lung function in 7-year-olds","volume":"119","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal stress and asthma in children: temporal- and sex-specific associations","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.189","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0035","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cultural and socio-economic conditions as factors contributing to chronic stress in sub-Saharan African communities","volume":"92","author":"Henley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"erhae90dcbib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258105","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among adults in Ghana: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Amu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03886-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Maternal mental health improvement in Ghana: role of green spaces exposure","volume":"25","author":"Boakye","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"erhae90dcbib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000500853","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Heat stress impacts on cardiac mortality in Nepali migrant workers in Qatar","volume":"143","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiology"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research: Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1787662285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/ae90dc","relation":{},"ISSN":["2752-5309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2752-5309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Heat exposure and maternal stress: evidence from the GRAPHS pregnancy cohort in Ghana","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research: Health","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-04-13","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}