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Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The evolution of density perturbations is analysed in a modified theory of gravity with a nonminimal coupling between curvature and matter. We consider the broken degeneracy between the choices of matter Lagrangian for a perfect fluid, \u2112\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = -\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and \u2112\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    =\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and determine the differences between their effects on the effective gravitational constant.  We review the result for \u2112\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = -\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the quasistatic approximation and show how it can lead to unphysical singular behaviour for late-time dominating models. This divergent regime can be avoided when considering the fully non-quasistatic perturbative equations, although the higher-order nature of the nonminimally coupled theory and the requirement of a physically viable effective gravitational constant strongly constrains the magnitude of these modifications to the action. We find that both of these issues can be removed when considering \u2112\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    =\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    at late times due to the pressureless nature of non-relativistic matter and provide predictions for inverse power-law models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2026\/01\/032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:00:44Z","timestamp":1769097644000},"page":"032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Density perturbations in nonminimally coupled gravity: symptoms of Lagrangian density ambiguity"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9844-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Barroso Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7672-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orfeu","family":"Bertolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"b0a23e0958dd17cda1030b0693a418db4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2004.08.031","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints","volume":"405","author":"Bertone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. 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