{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:06:38Z","timestamp":1769159198215,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010687","name":"H2020 Euratom","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["633053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["633053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nucl. Fusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Various types of Alfv\u00e9n eigenmodes (AEs) have been destabilized by fast ions over a broad frequency range from \u223c80\u00a0kHz to \u223c700\u00a0kHz in a series of JET experiments in mixed D\u2013<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>He plasmas heated with the three-ion ICRF scenario (2020 Nocente <jats:italic>et\u00a0al Nucl. Fusion<\/jats:italic> \n                  <jats:bold>60<\/jats:bold> 124006). In this paper, we identify the radial localization of AEs using an X-mode reflectometer, a multiline interferometer and soft x-ray diagnostics. The analysis is focused on the most representative example of these measurements in JET pulse #95691, where two different types of Alfv\u00e9n cascade (AC) eigenmodes were observed. These modes originate from the presence of a local minimum of the safety factor <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>. In addition to ACs with frequencies below the frequency of toroidal Alfv\u00e9n eigenmodes (TAEs), ACs with frequencies above the TAE frequency were destabilized by energetic ions. Both low- (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> \u2248 80\u2013180\u00a0kHz) and high-frequency (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> \u2248 330\u2013450\u00a0kHz) ACs were localized in the central regions of the plasma. The characteristics of the high-frequency ACs are investigated in detail numerically using HELENA, CSCAS and MISHKA codes. The resonant conditions for the mode excitation are found to be determined by passing ions of rather high energy of several hundred keV and similar to those established in JT-60U with negative-ion-based NBI (2005 Takechi <jats:italic>et\u00a0al Phys. Plasmas<\/jats:italic> \n                  <jats:bold>12<\/jats:bold> 082509). The computed radial mode structure is found to be consistent with the experimental measurements. In contrast to low-frequency ACs observed most often, the frequency of the high-frequency ACs decreases with time as the value of <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub> decreases. This feature is in a qualitative agreement with the analytical model of the high-frequency ACs in Breizman <jats:italic>et\u00a0al<\/jats:italic> (2003 <jats:italic>Phys. Plasmas<\/jats:italic> \n                  <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold> 3649). The high-frequency AC could be highly relevant for future ITER and fusion reactor plasmas dominated by \u223cMeV energetic ions, including a significant population of passing fast ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ac45a4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T22:16:53Z","timestamp":1640211413000},"page":"056001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Alfv\u00e9n cascade eigenmodes above the TAE-frequency and localization of Alfv\u00e9n modes in D\u2013<sup>3<\/sup>He plasmas on JET"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-0981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Dreval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-4876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.E.","family":"Sharapov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-5441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye.O.","family":"Kazakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-4739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Ongena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0170-5275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Nocente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-8956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-5564","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Giroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.C.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6191-7280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V.G.","family":"Kiptily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4644-2827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F.","family":"Nabais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2078-6584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.F.F.","family":"Nave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Weisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0012-4260","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T.","family":"Craciunescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3699-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Salewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u017d.","family":"\u0160tancar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"JET Contributors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"nfac45a4bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ab9256","volume":"60","author":"Kazakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. 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