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Fusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigates the dependence of the radial electric field (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>) on the line-averaged density in JET L-mode plasmas, utilizing Doppler backscattering measurements. Density ramp discharges up to the density limit are analyzed to investigate the physical processes that determine the edge <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> profile. At low densities, the <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> profile at the midplane exhibits a pronounced peak in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) and a shallow well inside the separatrix. As density increases, the SOL <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> peak diminishes quickly and the <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> well deepens until a Greenwald fraction of <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>GW<\/jats:sub> \u2248 0.8, followed by a slight reduction near the density limit. Our findings indicate that no collapse of edge flow shear occurs prior to the density limit onset, within a time scale of 10 ms. The <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub> at the divertor target does not appear to play a significant role in the density limit as it is only significant in the low recycling regime, not changing appreciably above <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>GW<\/jats:sub> \u2248 0.35. A steep edge density gradient persists up to <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>GW<\/jats:sub> \u2248 0.95 with the density limit disruption onset coinciding roughly with a reduction in the pedestal top density. The edge <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic> \u00d7 <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> shear appears to be sufficient to maintain a steep density gradient region near the density limit. Finally, it is shown that the density limit is not due to a reduction in the shear induced by oscillating flows, as the amplitude of the geodesic acoustic modes vanishes around <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>GW<\/jats:sub> \u2248 0.5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/adb762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T22:49:58Z","timestamp":1739918998000},"page":"036042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>E<\/i>\n                  <sub>r<\/sub> measurements in JET L-mode plasmas for a wide range of densities\u2014from the low-recycling regime up to the density limit"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-0505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-1586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Groth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Aleiferis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9970-2154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Giroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.B.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Nina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-3407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.R.","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-5346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Vianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"JET Contributors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"nfadb762bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/44\/8\/201","volume":"44","author":"Greenwald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. 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