{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T06:20:29Z","timestamp":1770099629312,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006207","name":"Fusion Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","award":["MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018708","name":"Euratom Research and Training Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101052200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101052200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nucl. Fusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The empirical scaling for the H-mode power threshold in tokamaks has been revisited using a database with threshold data from machines with a metallic first wall as part of International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) task TC-26. The database contains discharges from ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) (W), JET (Be\/W) and Alcator C-Mod (Mo). This was motivated by reports that in like-for-like discharges the power threshold was reduced by approximately 30% after the change from carbon based to metallic first wall materials on AUG (Ryter\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    2013\n                    <jats:italic>Nucl. Fusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>53<\/jats:bold>\n                    113003) and JET (Maggi\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    2014\n                    <jats:italic>Nucl. Fusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>54<\/jats:bold>\n                    023007). The database contains L\u2013H transition data for all hydrogen isotopes and mixtures, including T and DT from the recent JET campaigns. Compared to the ITPA 2008 scaling (Martin\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    2008\n                    <jats:italic>J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>123<\/jats:bold>\n                    012033), the metal wall scaling has a smaller magnetic field exponent but a larger density exponent. We present an additional parameter to capture the strong dependence of the L\u2013H power threshold (approx. factor 2) on the magnetic configuration in the divertor on JET. The scaling recovers the approximate inverse isotope mass scaling of the threshold power. Alternative scalings involving the plasma current and poloidal magnetic field are explored. Despite the reduction in threshold observed earlier, the scalings based on the metal wall database do not necessarily extrapolate to a lower threshold for ITER compared to the ITPA 2008 scaling, especially at high density. The divertor configuration effect induces the largest uncertainty in the extrapolation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ae39f2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T22:49:13Z","timestamp":1768862953000},"page":"036016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empirical scaling of the L\u2013H threshold power for metal wall tokamaks using a multi-device database"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-874X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.","family":"Delabie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-3407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.R.","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4802-4944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.W.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-2613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.F.","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ryter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7508-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Birkenmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8480-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0013-9753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Cavedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-0259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Chernyshova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4837-8507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5911-3417","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Hillesheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-4308","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"U.","family":"Plank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the ASDEX Upgrade Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"JET Contributors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"nfae39f2bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6587\/add9c9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The new ITER baseline, research plan and open R&D issues","volume":"67","author":"Loarte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. 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