{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:20:58Z","timestamp":1776442858315,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ester-based dielectric fluids have now been on the market for several decades, providing fire-safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to mineral oils, which have traditionally been used in transformers and other electrical equipment. This opens the door to innovation in power transformers. However, the use of esters-based dielectrics in power transformers is still very limited, especially for the higher voltage levels. The usage of these esters-based dielectrics in higher voltage power transformers is not yet consensual. this work present results with the use of natural esters in power distribution transformers. Tests carried out on mineral oil and natural ester oil found that the ester-based dielectric can withstand higher voltage thresholds for AC and Impulses tests, mainly within the specs of destructive tests, e.g., the natural ester was able to withstand a 185kV impulse without registering dielectric rupture while the natural oil registered a dielectric rupture with a 160kV impulse. Heating and mechanical tests demonstrated that ester-based dielectric oils for power transformers lead to a flow reduction between 16,8% and 18,2% in the cooling system that was design for mineral oils but they achieve a higher heat transfer coefficient, between 0,5% to 5% depending on the location of measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T09:31:45Z","timestamp":1648200705000},"page":"012026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ester-based Dielectric Fluid for Power Transformers: Design and Test Experience under the GreenEst Project"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"2213","author":[{"given":"Salvador","family":"Carvalhosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helder","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo Castro","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e1o Esp\u00edrito","family":"Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","reference":[{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib1","article-title":"Prototype 420 kV Power Transformer Using Natural Ester Dielectric Fluid","author":"Fritsche","year":"2014"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib2","article-title":"Ester insulating liquids for power transformers","author":"Wang","year":"2012"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib3","article-title":"Laminated pressboard for electrical purposes - 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Interaction Experience between Manufacturer and Utility","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib9","article-title":"High Voltage Power Transformer Insulation Design","author":"Franchek","year":"2011"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib10","article-title":"Breakdown Characteristics of Moving Transformer Oil","volume":"1","author":"Yanari","year":"1981","journal-title":"Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib11","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2013"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib12","author":"Lopes","year":"2016"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/EIC.2011.5996148","article-title":"High Voltage Power Transformer Insulation Design","author":"Ziomek","year":"2011"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib14","article-title":"The Development of 400kV Transformers with Ester-based Dielectric Liquids","author":"Lashbrook","year":"2016"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib15","article-title":"Medium and Large Power Transformer Users List Retrofill & New Installations","author":"","year":"2010"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib16","article-title":"FR3TM Fluid Filled Medium and Large Power Transformer Users List Retrofill & New Installations","author":"","year":"2014"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib17"},{"key":"JPCS_2213_1_012026bib18"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physics: Conference Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T09:31:49Z","timestamp":1648200709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2213\/1\/012026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6588","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Ester-based Dielectric Fluid for Power Transformers: Design and Test Experience under the GreenEst Project","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}