{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:07:04Z","timestamp":1774512424695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>3D printing (3DP), as an emerging technology in the construction industry, has the potential to solve the sector\u2019s labour shortages and low efficiency, as well as helping to reduce its negative environmental impact. On the investigative path towards new construction solutions, the thermal performance of buildings must not be compromised. In additively manufactured buildings to date, walls have been printed with cavities that are subsequently manually filled or projected with conventional thermal insulation materials, such as polyurethane and vermiculite. To bridge the gap between conventional building construction and 3DP, it is important to present feasible and effective thermal solutions that can be applied using an automatic mode. This paper explores the viability of applying a commercial thermal mortar as an insulation in 3D printed concrete walls. Therefore, a preliminary experimental campaign was carried out to assess the behaviour of the thermal mortar during and after its application. It was found that concrete walls constrain the drying process of the thermal mortar, generating stresses that lead to the occurrence of cracks. To avoid their formation, some strategies were tested, namely by adding superplasticizer to the mixture, opening joints, drilling holes or opting for an incomplete filling of the cavities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T14:19:28Z","timestamp":1702304368000},"page":"012081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preliminary study of the application of thermal mortar in 3D printed concrete walls"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"2654","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A S","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S S","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","reference":[{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib1"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.110794","article-title":"3D printing in the construction industry - A systematic review of the thermal performance in buildings","volume":"141","author":"Pessoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib3"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib4","article-title":"Upcoming challenges on the application of thermal insulation in 3D printed building elements","author":"Pessoa","year":"2021"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103134","article-title":"SaltBlock as a 3D printed sustainable construction material in hot arid climates","volume":"43","author":"El-Mahdy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Building Engineering"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib6"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/609\/6\/062024","article-title":"Thermal insulating cementitious composite containing aerogel and phosphate-based binder","volume":"609","author":"Baghban","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.103377","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of 3D printable geopolymeric foams for thermally efficient building envelope materials","volume":"104","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cement and Concrete Composites"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2016.1209867","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing","volume":"11","author":"Bos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virtual Phys. Prototyp."},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib10","author":"EN","year":"1999"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib11","article-title":"ISO 15901-1 Evaluation of pore size distribution and porosity of solid materials by mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption. Part 1: Mercury porosimetry: International Standard","author":"ISO","year":"2016"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib12","article-title":"EN 12664 Thermal performance of building materials and products. Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods. Dry and moist products of medium and low thermal resistance. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization","author":"EN","year":"2001"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib13","article-title":"ISO 12572 Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products. Determination of water vapour transmission properties. Cup method: International Standard","author":"ISO","year":"2016"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib14","article-title":"BS EN 13755. Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure: British Standard","author":"BS","year":"2008"},{"key":"JPCS_2654_1_012081bib15","article-title":"ISO 6946 Building components and building elements. Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance. Calculation methods: International Standard","author":"ISO","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physics: Conference Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T14:19:33Z","timestamp":1702304373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2654\/1\/012081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6588","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Preliminary study of the application of thermal mortar in 3D printed concrete walls","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}