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Inst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The CYGNO collaboration is developing next generation\n  directional Dark Matter (DM) detection experiments, using gaseous\n  Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), as a robust method for identifying\n  Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) below the Neutrino\n  Fog. SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> is potentially ideal for this since it provides a high\n  fluorine content, enhancing sensitivity to spin-dependent\n  interactions and, as a Negative Ion Drift (NID) gas, reduces charge\n  diffusion leading to improved positional resolution. CF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>,\n  although not a NID gas, has also been identified as a favourable gas\n  target as it provides a scintillation signal which can be used for a\n  complimentary light\/charge readout approach. These gases can operate\n  at low pressures to elongate Nuclear Recoil (NR) tracks and\n  facilitate directional measurements. In principle, He could be added\n  to low pressure SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\/CF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> without significant detriment to the\n  length of <jats:sup>16<\/jats:sup>S, <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>C, and <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F recoils. This would\n  improve the target mass, sensitivity to lower WIMP masses, and offer\n  the possibility of atmospheric operation; potentially reducing the\n  cost of a containment vessel. In this article, we present gas gain\n  and energy resolution measurements, taken with a Multi-Mesh Thick\n  Gaseous Electron Multiplier (MMThGEM), in low pressure SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> and\n  CF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>:SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> mixtures following the addition of He. We find that\n  the CF<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>:SF<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>:He mixtures tested were able to produce gas gains\n  on the order of 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> up to a total pressure of 100 Torr. These\n  results demonstrate an order of magnitude\n  improvement [1] in charge amplification in NID gas\n  mixtures with a He component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/19\/06\/p06021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T14:39:48Z","timestamp":1718289588000},"page":"P06021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Charge amplification in low pressure CF<sub>4<\/sub>:SF<sub>6<\/sub>:He mixtures with a multi-mesh ThGEM for directional dark matter searches"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"F.D.","family":"Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Baracchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Benussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Borra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Capoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Caponero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.S.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cavoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Dan\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"D'Astolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Di Giambattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"D'Imperio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.M.F.","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.C.","family":"Ezeribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Fiorina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Iacoangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.P.","family":"Lima J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.S.P.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Maccarrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.D.P.","family":"Mano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.R.","family":"Marcelo Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.J.G.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mazzitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.G.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.M.B.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.A.","family":"Nobrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.F.","family":"Pains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Paoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Passamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pierluigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Renga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.J.d.C.","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rosatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Saviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Scarff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.J.C.","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tesauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tomassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Torelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"be7caee18943581376cb6206aa0b9bc71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2004.02.018","article-title":"GEM operation in negative ion drift gas mixtures","volume":"526","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucl. 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