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Phys. Eng. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To enhance the effect of radiation on the tumor without increasing the dose to the patient, the combination of high-Z nanoparticles with radiotherapy has been proposed. In this work, we investigate the effects of the physical parameters of nanoparticles (NPs) on the Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF), and on the Sensitive Enhancement Ratio (SER) by applying a version of the Linear Quadratic Model. A method for constructing voxelized realistic cell geometries in Monte Carlo simulations from confocal microscopy images was developed and applied to Gliobastoma Multiforme cell lines (U87 and U373). The comparison of simulations with realistic geometry and spherical geometry shows that there is significant impact on the survival curves obtained for the same irradiation conditions. Using this model, the DEF and the SER are determined as a function of the concentration, size and distribution of gold nanoparticles within the cell. For small NPs, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>AuNP<\/jats:sub> = 10 nm, no clear trend in the DEF and SER was observed when the number of NPs within the cell increases. Experimentally, the variable number of NPs measured inside the U373 cells (ranging between 1.48 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> and 1.19 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>) also did not influence much the observed cell survival upon irradiation of the cells with a Co-60 source. The same lack of trend is obtained when the Au content in the cell is kept constant, 0.897 mg\/g, but the size of the NPs is changed. However, if the number of NPs is kept constant (7.91 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>) and the size changes, there is a critical diameter above which the dose effect increases significantly. Using the realistic geometries, it was verified that the key parameter for the DEF and the SER enhancement is the volume fraction of Au in the cell, with NP size being a more important parameter than the number of NPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ad2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1705617026000},"page":"025015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Utility of realistic microscopy-based cell models in simulation studies of nanoparticle-enhanced photon radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8353-949X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joana","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina I G","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-3358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Paula Cabral","family":"Campello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3363-0098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge M","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bpexad2020bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01368-8","article-title":"Geant4\u2014a simulation toolkit","volume":"506","author":"Agostinelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A"},{"key":"bpexad2020bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR08172J","article-title":"Gold nanotriangles: scale up and x-ray radiosensitization effects in mice","volume":"9","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"bpexad2020bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4823787","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of cell model and subcellular location of gold nanoparticles on nuclear dose enhancement factors using monte carlo simulation","volume":"40","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-06-12","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-01-18","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}