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Print. Electron."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Successful commercialization of electrochromic technologies into smart labels necessitates that they can be produced in high-volumes and at a low cost. Herein we present a simple method to produce poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrochromic indicators via screen printing and charge controlled <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> electropolymerization. This method reduces the number of printed layers, thus lowering the overall time and cost of production. The optical contrast and visual homogeneity of the indicators can be tuned by modifying the electropolymerization voltage and limiting the charge. Due to the opaque nature of the printed electrolyte, the switching speed can be increased, and the operating voltage can be lowered by electropolymerizing an electrochromic film onto the counter electrode to act as a charge storage material. The best performing indicators exhibit a contrast of 31.1%R (600 nm), with a 1 s switching speed. The CIELAB color co-ordinates of the indicators were measured over 100 k cycles. During this period, the indicators showed an overall increase in contrast. The long cycling lifetime of the indicators makes them promising candidates for applications where frequent switching is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-8585\/adea87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T18:49:17Z","timestamp":1751395757000},"page":"035002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screen printing and <i>in situ<\/i> electropolymerization as a simple manufacturing method to produce long cycling lifetime electrochromic indicators"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-7414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"F\u00e1bio A S","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-1912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elin L","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1333-9076","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A Jorge","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-9470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Maggini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6410-6072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cesar","family":"Laia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"fpeadea87bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8020058","article-title":"Enhancing pharmaceutical packaging through a technology ecosystem to facilitate the reuse of medicines and reduce medicinal waste","volume":"8","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"fpeadea87bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11863","article-title":"Innovative processes in smart packaging. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-04-01","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}