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These changes in velocity and pressure help reduce the risk of blockage and support proper extrusion during printing. The results show that the shape and internal design of the nozzle play a key role in controlling concrete flow, improving layer bonding, and maintaining structural stability. This work offers a useful design approach for enhancing the performance and reliability of 3D concrete printing in construction applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-8695\/adee78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T22:56:54Z","timestamp":1752188214000},"page":"035521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design and development of a nozzle assembly for 3D concrete printing applications"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3775-8037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karan B","family":"Khare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Subim N","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dhirajkumar S","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pavankumar R","family":"Sonawane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-3120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ajay D","family":"Pingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"erxadee78bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.138126","article-title":"Rheology of fiber-reinforced mortar for 3D printing construction: effect of recycled hybrid powder and polyethylene fiber","volume":"447","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-04-24","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}