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Res.: Climate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies highlight a clear warming trend in Amazon Basin with projections indicating an increase of climatic extreme events like droughts and heatwaves (HWs). The repeated occurrence of these extreme events threatens to a transition from its established energy-limited hydrological regime to one increasingly constrained by water availability. Co-occurring drought and HWs conditions are associated with high evaporation rates and rapid soil moisture (SM) depletion. These drying trends can reach a point where the land cannot satisfy atmospheric water demand, triggering a feedback loop where soil desiccation amplifies surface temperatures through sharp decline of the evaporative fraction. The unprecedented 2023\u20132024 drought provides a striking case study of this relation between extreme dryness and heat over the region. This study aims to investigate the interaction between SM and land surface temperature (LST) during the 2023\u20132024 drought\u2013HW events over the Amazon Basin, assessing the role of SM deficits in amplifying heat extremes. Specifically, we aim to analyze patterns of SM and LST and compare the responses across four Amazon subareas (NE, NW, SE, SW). Our analysis combines an all-sky LST product and SM in the root zone provided by the Satellite Applications Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF). Findings suggest that prolonged droughts, combined with persistent HWs, may accelerate soil desiccation and disrupt evapotranspiration processes. Analyses for specific Amazon areas reveal distinct patterns. NE, SE and SW Amazon regions showed SM deficits and\/or high LST values during the September-November periods of 2023 and 2024, highlighting their susceptibility to extreme climatic events. In contrast, the NW region exhibited relative resilience. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of the Amazon Basin and the crucial role of regional resilience in mitigating the escalating impacts of extreme events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/2752-5295\/ae2d89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T22:51:56Z","timestamp":1765925516000},"page":"015012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Satellite-based land surface temperature and soil moisture observed during the 2023\u20132024 drought\u2013heatwave events in the Amazon Basin"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-8210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vitor F V V","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5995-5893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Geirinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6820-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo F","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7570-1993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renata","family":"Libonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7562-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-9170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabel F","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"erclae2d89bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00306-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hydrologic resilience and Amazon productivity","volume":"8","author":"Ahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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