{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:09:23Z","timestamp":1789564163225,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"\n Little is known about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance determinants in staphylococci isolated from food and food processing industries. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-resistant coagulase-negative\n staphylococci (CNS) isolated from food and food-processing industries were investigated for the presence of genetic determinants (\n qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n qacC\/smr<\/jats:italic>\n ) encoding resistance to the QAC benzalkonium\n chloride (BC), several antibiotic resistance genes, and staphylococcal insertion sequences IS\n 257<\/jats:italic>\n and IS\n 256<\/jats:italic>\n . Six\n qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n -harboring strains were resistant to penicillin and hybridized\n to a\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n probe. The\n qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n probes hybridized to plasmids of similar size in three isolates. Molecular and genetic characterization of the 23-kb plasmid (pST6) of\n Staphylococcus\n epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n St.6 revealed the presence of\n qacB<\/jats:italic>\n adjacent to an incomplete\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactamase transposon Tn\n 552<\/jats:italic>\n encoding the gene cluster\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n blaR<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n blaI<\/jats:italic>\n . Sequence\n analysis of flanking regions and the intergenic region between\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n and\n qacB<\/jats:italic>\n revealed the presence of IS\n 257<\/jats:italic>\n downstream of\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n as well as\n sin<\/jats:italic>\n and\n binR<\/jats:italic>\n between\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n and\n qacB<\/jats:italic>\n . In the three other BC and penicillin-resistant strains, the\n qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n blaZ<\/jats:italic>\n genes were located on separate plasmids. A\n qacC<\/jats:italic>\n harboring\n S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n strain (St.17)\n also hybridized to\n tetK<\/jats:italic>\n (tetracycline resistance) and\n ermB<\/jats:italic>\n (erythromycin resistance) genes. The individual genes were located on separate plasmids, suggesting no linkage between QAC and antibiotic\n resistance determinants. Plasmid-free\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n RN4220 allowed uptake of the pST6 plasmid DNA, indicating that the resistance genes could potentially be transferred to pathogens under\n selective stress. In conclusion, presence of both resistance determinants could lead to co-selection during antimicrobial therapy or disinfection in hospitals or in food industries.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152773374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:08:35Z","timestamp":1027706915000},"page":"363-371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Genetic Linkage Between Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and\n \u03b2<\/i>\n -Lactam Antibiotics in Food-Related\n Staphylococcus<\/i>\n spp."],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maan Singh","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Oslovn 1, N-1430 \u00c5s, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Even","family":"Heir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"S\u2298rum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, N-0033 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Askild","family":"Holck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Oslovn 1, N-1430 \u00c5s, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290152773374","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290152773374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:13:58Z","timestamp":1770747238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/10766290152773374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/10766290152773374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/10766290152773374","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}