{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T22:37:39Z","timestamp":1770763059636,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in the developing world. In Latin America,\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine\n and surveillance of\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n antimicrobial susceptibility have been implemented in recent years. We have undertaken a systematic review and a pooled analysis on\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n antimicrobial\n resistance, including reports of 15 Latin America countries over a 10-year period (1990-2000). We have found that 450 (21.4%) of 2,100 invasive isolates were\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactamase producers compared to\n 145 (14.5%) of 998 isolates of noninvasive isolates (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Ampicillin resistance was detected among 783 (21.9%) of 3,577 invasive isolates compared to 111 (17.2%) of 646 noninvasive strains\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). In contrast, 568 (41.9%) of 1,355 noninvasive strains were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance against 241 (26.9%) of 897 invasive ones (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Therefore,\n TMP-SMX resistance was more common in nonsterile fluids than in sterile fluids. Over time, rates of\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactamase-producing strains were stable in Brazil and Mexico, whereas rates of TMP-SMX resistance\n were increasing in Brazil. It is predictable that following the Hib immunization, Latin America countries will be faced with increased nontypeable\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n infection. Although standing by the\n nontypeable\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n vaccine, in this novel epidemiological scenario of post-Hib vaccination in Latin America settings there is a need to improve\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n resistance monitoring to\n guide clinicians to choose efficacious antimicrobial therapy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152773419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T18:08:35Z","timestamp":1027706915000},"page":"403-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>\n Resistance in Latin America: Systematic Review of Surveillance Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ana Lucia S. Sgambatti","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Brandileone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolfo Lutz Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Di Fabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simonne A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya S.A.","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celina M.T.","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290152773419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290152773419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:13:59Z","timestamp":1770747239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/10766290152773419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/10766290152773419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/10766290152773419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}