{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T23:06:48Z","timestamp":1770764808019,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"\n Antibiotic resistance and mechanisms involved were studied in\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from fecal samples of healthy children. Fifty fecal samples were analyzed, and one colony per sample was recovered\n and identified by biochemical and molecular tests. Forty-one\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were obtained (82%). MIC testing was performed by agar dilution with 18 antibiotics, and the mechanisms of resistance\n were analyzed. Ampicillin resistance was detected in 24 isolates (58.5%), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA<\/jats:sub>\n type genes were studied by PCR and sequencing.\n The following\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactamases were detected (number of isolates): TEM (20), SHV-1 (1), and OXA-30 (1). The number of aminoglycoside-resistant isolates detected was as follows: streptomycin (15),\n tobramycin (1), gentamicin (1), and kanamycin (4). The\n aac(3)-IV<\/jats:italic>\n gene was detected in the only gentamicin-resistant isolate. Nine (22%) and 2 (5%) isolates showed nalidixic acid (NAL\n R<\/jats:sup>\n )\n and ciprofloxacin resistance (CIP\n R<\/jats:sup>\n ), respectively. Mutations in GyrA and ParC proteins were shown in both NAL\n R<\/jats:sup>\n -CIP\n R<\/jats:sup>\n isolates and were the following: (1) GyrA (S83L + D87N),\n ParC (S80I); and (2) GyrA (S83L + A84P), ParC (S80I + A108V). A single mutation in the S83 codon of the\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n gene was found in the remaining seven NAL\n R<\/jats:sup>\n -CIP\n S<\/jats:sup>\n isolates. Tetracycline\n resistance was identified in 21 isolates (51%) and the following resistance genes were found (number of isolates):\n tetA<\/jats:italic>\n (12),\n tetB<\/jats:italic>\n (5), and\n tetD<\/jats:italic>\n (1). Chloramphenicol resistance was\n detected in five isolates (12%). These results show that the intestinal tract of healthy children constitutes a reservoir of resistant bacteria and resistance genes.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290260469589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,16]],"date-time":"2003-01-16T20:22:20Z","timestamp":1042748540000},"page":"321-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n Isolates Obtained from Healthy Children in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logro\u00f1o, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Zarazaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logro\u00f1o, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logro\u00f1o, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bri\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logro\u00f1o, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logro\u00f1o, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290260469589","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/10766290260469589","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:14:07Z","timestamp":1770747247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/10766290260469589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/10766290260469589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/10766290260469589","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}}}