{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T22:16:58Z","timestamp":1770761818416,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"\n The prevalence of resistance to antibiotics was examined among 318\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n strains isolated during 1998 and 1999 in a children's hospital in Athens. The rate of resistance to penicillin\n was 25.8% (intermediate 22%, resistant 3.8%); 42.5% of the strains were resistant to \u22651 antibiotic and 20% were multidrug resistant. Resistance to penicillin was lowest in invasive strains (8.3%) and\n highest in ear isolates (31%). A review of the same microbiology laboratory's records revealed that there has been a gradual increase in penicillin resistance since 1988-1989, when it was 5%. Capsular types\n were determined for 77 strains resistant to \u22651 antibiotic, and 69 (90%) of them belonged to the following five serotypes: 19F, 14, 9V, 23F, and 6B. Seventy-five strains were analyzed by pulsed-field\n gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and 59\/75 (79%) shared five electrophoretic types. The largest cluster consisted of 19 serotype 19F strains, of which 18 were nonsusceptible to penicillin and most were multidrug\n resistant and shared a common and distinct electrophoretic pattern not resembling any known clone. A group of 17 strains that were nonsusceptible to penicillin belonged to serotypes 9V (10), 14 (6), and\n 19F (1) and shared a common PFGE type similar to the international clone Spain\n 9V<\/jats:sup>\n -3. Seven serotype 23F strains, of which five were multidrug resistant, belonged to the international clone Spain\n 23F<\/jats:sup>\n -1.\n Among the strains susceptible to penicillin but resistant to non-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactam antibiotics, the largest cluster consisted of 13 isolates resistant to erythromycin that belonged to serotype 14 and\n shared an electrophoretic pattern characteristic of the clone England\n 14<\/jats:sup>\n -9. Finally, three serotype 6B strains were penicillin susceptible and multidrug resistant and had features similar to the\n Mediterranean 6B clone. The introduction and spread of several antibiotic-resistant international clones accounts at least in part for the increase in pneumococcal resistance observed in recent years in\n the Athens metropolitan area.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/107662902760326940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,25]],"date-time":"2002-09-25T14:37:28Z","timestamp":1032964648000},"page":"219-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Relatedness of Resistant and Multiresistant\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n Strains, Recovered in the Athens Area, to International Clones"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maria N.","family":"Tsolia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Stamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \"P. and A. Kyriakou\" Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Ioannidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \"P. and A. Kyriakou\" Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Trefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Foustoukou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \"P. and A. Kyriakou\" Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Kafetzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurith","family":"Porat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662902760326940","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662902760326940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:14:05Z","timestamp":1770747245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/107662902760326940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/107662902760326940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/107662902760326940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}