{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:09:47Z","timestamp":1787008187584,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"\n Macrolide and lincosamide resistance phenotypes and the presence of the\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (A),\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B),\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (C), and\n mef<\/jats:italic>\n (A) genes were determined in 344 bacterial strains belonging to 34 species\n and nine genera, isolated from the tonsils and nasal cavities of 2-week- and 6-week-old piglets, derived from four different farms. These piglets had never before been treated with macrolides or lincosamides.\n Macrolide and lincosamide resistance was most frequently present in\n Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n strains, of which over two-thirds were resistant. These genera were followed in decreasing\n order of resistance frequency by Lactobacillus,\n Rothia, Staphylococcus, Arcanobacterium, Actinomyces, Pediococcus<\/jats:italic>\n strains. Only five infrequently occurring species did not show resistance. This high\n frequency of resistance in nontreated piglets indicates that resistant strains circulate in the herds. In streptococci, enterococci, and\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n strains, resistance was most often encoded by\n the\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B) gene and in staphylococci by\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (A) or erm\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (C). The erm (B) gene was sporadically detected in other bacterial genera (\n Actinomyces, Rothia, Aerococcus, Pediococcus<\/jats:italic>\n ).\n The sequence of the\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B) gene of 29 strains of 11 pigs originating from the four different farms was determined. This sequence was identical in 12 strains and only differed by 1-6 nucleotides in\n the other strains, indicating that exchanges of resistance genes might occur between bacterial species and genera belonging to the nasal or tonsillar flora of piglets.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/107662903322286508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,4]],"date-time":"2003-09-04T01:14:00Z","timestamp":1062638040000},"page":"293-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Macrolide and Lincosamide Resistance in the Gram-Positive Nasal and Tonsillar Flora of Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Martel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Meulenaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.A.","family":"Devriese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Decostere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662903322286508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662903322286508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:14:19Z","timestamp":1770747259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/107662903322286508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/107662903322286508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/107662903322286508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}}}