{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:48:55Z","timestamp":1791316135686,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"\n Nine epidemiologically unrelated isolates {1\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Bredeney from turkeys, and 8\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n [3 environmental isolates (2 from chickens, 1 from pigs), and 5 isolates from cattle with\n neonatal diarrhea]} were examined both pheno- and genotypically for extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactam (ESBL) resistance. Resistance phenotypes (ampicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime,\n and ceftriaxone) suggested the presence of an ESBL enzyme, but cefoxitin MICs (\u2265 32 mg\/L) suggested the presence of an AmpC-like enzyme. Synergism experiments with benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid (BZBTH2B)\n and isoelectric focusing (IEF) revealed the presence of an AmpC \u03b2-lactamase with a pI \u2265 9. amp C multiplex PCR, sequence, and Southern analyses indicated that only the\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolate\n had a plasmid-encoded AmpC \u03b2-lactamase CMY-2 on a nonconjugative 60-MDa plasmid. PCR and sequence analysis of the\n E. coli amp<\/jats:italic>\n C promoter identified mutations at positions -88(T), -82(G),\n -42(T), -18(A), -1(T) and +58(T) in all the isolates. In addition one strain had two extra-mutations at positions +23(A) and +49(G), and another strain had one extra-mutation at position +32(A). DNA\n fingerprinting revealed that all the\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were different clones. It also showed that the U.K.\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolate was indistinguisable from a Canadian\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n isolate\n from turkeys; both had identical resistance phenotypes and produced CMY-2. This is the first report of a CMY-2 Salmonella isolate in the United Kingdom. These data imply that \u03b2-lactam resistance in\n animal isolates can be generated de novo as evidenced by the\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n strains, or in the case of the Salmonella strains be the result of intercontinental transmission due to an acquired resistance\n mechanism.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/107662904323047745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,8]],"date-time":"2004-05-08T02:54:45Z","timestamp":1083984885000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Characterization of \u03b2-Lactamases Responsible for Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n and\n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n Strains from Food-Producing Animals in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Liebana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Defra, Addlestone KT151AT, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Clouting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity A.","family":"Clifton-Hadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Pleydell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baha","family":"Abdalhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy D.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Poppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob H.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662904323047745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/107662904323047745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:32:13Z","timestamp":1777638733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/107662904323047745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/107662904323047745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/107662904323047745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}