{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:33:29Z","timestamp":1792175609465,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A prominent obstacle in scaling up tissue engineering technologies for human applications is engineering an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients throughout artificial tissues. Sugar glass has emerged as a promising 3D-printable, sacrificial material that can be used to embed perfusable networks within cell-laden matrices to improve mass transfer. To characterize and optimize a previously published sugar ink, we investigated the effects of sucrose, glucose, and dextran concentration on the glass transition temperature (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      T\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ), printability, and stability of 3D-printed sugar glass constructs. We identified a sucrose ink formulation with a significantly higher\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      T\n                      <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (40.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u00b0C) than the original formulation (sucrose-glucose blend,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200926.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00b0C), which demonstrated a pronounced improvement in printability, resistance to bending, and final print stability, all without changing dissolution kinetics and decomposition temperature. This formulation allowed printing of 10-cm-long horizontal cantilever filaments, which can enable the printing of complex vascular segments along the x-, y-, and z-axes without the need for supporting structures. Vascular templates with a single inlet and outlet branching into nine channels were 3D printed using the improved formulation and subsequently used to generate perfusable alginate constructs. The printed lattice showed high fidelity with respect to the input geometry, although with some channel deformation after alginate casting and gelation\u2014likely due to alginate swelling. Compared with avascular controls, no significant acute cytotoxicity was noted when casting pancreatic beta cell-laden alginate constructs around improved ink filaments, whereas a significant decrease in cell viability was observed with the original ink. The improved formulation lends more flexibility to sugar glass 3D printing by facilitating the fabrication of larger, more complex, and more stable sacrificial networks. Rigorous characterization and optimization methods for improving sacrificial inks may facilitate the fabrication of functional cellular constructs for tissue engineering, cellular biology, and other biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2021.0147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T09:27:32Z","timestamp":1657099652000},"page":"869-886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Improving the 3D Printability of Sugar Glass to Engineer Sacrificial Vascular Templates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenden N.","family":"Moeun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Gauvin-Rossignol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theophraste","family":"Lescot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec (CR-CHUQ), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur les Mat\u00e9riaux Avanc\u00e9s (CERMA), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie des Mines, de la M\u00e9tallurgie et des Mat\u00e9riaux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andr\u00e9","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe M\u00e9decine R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec (CR-CHUQ), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur les Mat\u00e9riaux Avanc\u00e9s (CERMA), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie des Mines, de la M\u00e9tallurgie et des Mat\u00e9riaux, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Ruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"B\u00e9gin-Drolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Leask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5629-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne A.","family":"Hoesli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13404"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.11135-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1576"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.300522"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2008.0193"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071812-152428"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Effect of oxygen supply on the size of implantable islet-containing encapsulation devices","volume":"58","author":"Papas KK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Papas KK, , Avgoustiniatos ES, , Suszynski TM. 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