{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:05:37Z","timestamp":1779433537802,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine: Paradigm, Practice, and Policy Advancing Integrative Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spastic hypertonia usually occurs in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Spinal motor neuron excitability has been reported to increase in patients with brain damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of acupuncture on spinal motor neuron excitability in patients with DOC following TBI by using evoked electromyography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven male patients (mean age, 33\u2009\u00b1\u200914 years) with refractory muscle spasticity of the upper extremity accompanying chronic DOC following TBI and admitted to Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A crossover study design was used. Changes in variables in the acupuncture session were compared with those in the control session in the same patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acupuncture treatment was performed at GV 26, Ex-HN 3, bilateral LI 4, and ST 36 for 10 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>F-wave was recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The main outcome measure was F\/M amplitude ratio (F-wave amplitude\/M-wave amplitude), calculated as an index for spinal motor neuron excitability. F-waves were recorded before treatment (baseline), 10 minutes after needle insertion (phase 1), and 10 minutes after needle removal (phase 2). The same procedure was followed in the control session without acupuncture on a separate day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      F\/M ratio was significantly reduced from baseline to phase 1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and phase 2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in the acupuncture session, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control session. Changes in F\/M ratio from baseline to phase 1 and phase 2 were greater in the acupuncture session than the control session (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 and &lt;0.001, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The excitability of the spinal motor neurons in patients with DOC following TBI was reduced after acupuncture treatment, suggesting that it is beneficial for reducing spastic muscle hypertonia in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2016.0180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T14:03:32Z","timestamp":1472565812000},"page":"895-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Acupuncture Reduces Excitability of Spinal Motor Neurons in Patients with Spastic Muscle Overactivity and Chronic Disorder of Consciousness Following Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Matsumoto-Miyazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Ikegame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050110103283","article-title":"The vegetative and minimally conscious states in children: spasticity, muscle contracture and issues for physiotherapy treatment","volume":"16","author":"Leong B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leong B. 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