{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:15:53Z","timestamp":1781014553200,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Acupuncture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scalp acupuncture is a somatic stimulation therapy that produces prominent clinical effects when used to treat cerebral diseases. However, this acupuncture's therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been well-addressed. Scalp acupoints are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, which is coincident with the intracranial sensory afferents as well as with the meningeal vessels. In recent years, cerebrospinal fluid\u2013contacting neurons have been found and proved to transmit allergic substances between brain the parenchyma and meninges, representing a possible network between scalp acupuncture and the brain. The aim of the current study was to observe the connections between scalp acupoints and the meninges and to establish a possible mechanism for scalp acupuncture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the present study. Evans Blue dye (Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO) was injected though each rat's caudal vein after trigeminal stimulation for plasma extravasation observation. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) values of the rat's brain surface were measured at different timepoints before and after electroacupuncture (EA) on GB 15 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toulinqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) or ST 36 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Zusanli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These preliminary studies indicated that neurogenic plasma extravasation on a rat's skin and dura mater after mechanical or electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerves is a reliable way to show the pathologic connection between scalp acupoints and the meninges. Moreover, CBF of the rat's brain surface is increased significantly after EA stimulation at GB 15 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toulinqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), which is located in the receptive field of the supraorbital nerve.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that the mechanism of scalp acupuncture might lie in the specific neurologic pathway that could be termed as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">trigeminal nerve\u2013meninges\u2013cerebrospinal fluid\u2013contacting neurons\u2013brain<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is a possible shortcut to brain functional regulation and cerebral disease treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2017.1231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T16:08:18Z","timestamp":1508429298000},"page":"322-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Proposed Neurologic Pathway for Scalp Acupuncture: Trigeminal Nerve\u2013Meninges\u2013Cerebrospinal Fluid\u2013Contacting Neurons\u2013Brain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shuya","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Scalp Acupuncture","author":"Jiao SF","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jiao SF. Scalp Acupuncture. Taiyuan, China: Shanxi People's Publishing House; 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Chinese Alternative Treatment Methods\u2014Scalp Acupuncture Therapy","author":"Wang FC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang FC. Chinese Alternative Treatment Methods\u2014Scalp Acupuncture Therapy. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture","author":"Yamamoto T","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, , Yamamoto H. Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture. Tokyo: Axel Springer Japan Publishing; 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature: Report of a WHO Scientific Group","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) Scientific Group on International Acupuncture Nomenclature","year":"1991","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Scientific Group on International Acupuncture Nomenclature. A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. Geneva: WHO; 1991."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trigeminalectomy modifies pial arteriolar responses to hypertension or norepinephrine","volume":"255","author":"Moskowitz MA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moskowitz MA, , Wei EP, , Saito K, et al. Trigeminalectomy modifies pial arteriolar responses to hypertension or norepinephrine. Am J Physiol. 1998; 255(1[pt2]):H1\u2013H6.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00063-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07450.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90064-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Acupoint electrical stimulation initiates visceral neurogenic inflammation reaction via primary afferent reflex in the rat [in Chinese]","volume":"27","author":"Cao DY","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cao DY, , Niu HZ, , Du JQ, , Zhu ZL. Acupoint electrical stimulation initiates visceral neurogenic inflammation reaction via primary afferent reflex in the rat [in Chinese]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2002; 27(1):45\u201349.","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1938.1.4.378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-20"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: Its supposed role in the nonsynaptic signal transmission of the brain","volume":"19","author":"V\u00edgh B","year":"2004","unstructured":"V\u00edgh B, , Manzano e Silva MJ, , Frank CL, et al. The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: Its supposed role in the nonsynaptic signal transmission of the brain. Histol Histopathol. 2004; 19(2):607\u2013628.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90178-5"}],"container-title":["Medical Acupuncture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/acu.2017.1231","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/acu.2017.1231","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/acu.2017.1231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:05:22Z","timestamp":1777392322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/acu.2017.1231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/acu.2017.1231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/acu.2017.1231","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-6586","1933-6594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-6586","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-6594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]}}}