{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:29:55Z","timestamp":1792290595365,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]],"date-time":"1988-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":575856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have documented evidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in four individuals including a blood donor and three members of a family (husband, wife, and a child) in Karachi, Pakistan. Our data indicate that HIV has been transmitted to the wife of the seropositive male, a drug abuser, in the recent past and that she has passed the virus to her newborn child perinatally\/transplacentally. The two seropositive males (blood donor and drug abuser) were diagnosed clinically as having persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, an AIDS-related condition (ARC), and the child presented with developmental disorders and neurologic manifestations. This is the first report of AIDS\/ARC cases from Pakistan that can be directly related to HIV infection and its heterosexual transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]],"date-time":"2009-03-16T10:38:00Z","timestamp":1237199880000},"page":"149-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disorders in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rafiq M.","family":"Khanani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amtul","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Rab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraiya","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,4,1]]},"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T07:10:34Z","timestamp":1775113834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.1988.4.149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,4]]}}}