{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:14:31Z","timestamp":1774628071114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]],"date-time":"1990-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":638928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are potent immunomodulatory cytokines which are produced principally by cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. We conducted an investigation to assess the secretion of these cytokines by bronchoalveolar macrophages from patients with progressive stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. The mean level of TNF-\u03b1 produced by macrophages from 9 patients with AIDS was significantly reduced compared with the responses of macrophages from 6 healthy HIV-1-seronegative persons, 6 patients with either asymptomatic HIV-1 infection or persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and 6 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The four study groups did not differ in their mean IL-1\u03b2 responses. However, within the HIV-1-infected patient population, macrophages from 4 patients, 3 of whom had AIDS and 1 with ARC, failed to secrete detectable levels of IL-1\u03b2. All 4 patients were also nonresponsive in assays for TNF-\u03b1. These data establish that advanced HIV-1 infection may result in a pronounced dysfunction in the cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]],"date-time":"2009-03-16T11:30:57Z","timestamp":1237203057000},"page":"431-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1 by Alveolar Macrophages from HIV-1-Infected Persons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregg T.","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman M.","family":"Blanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Seaworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Treasure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]},"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:32:53Z","timestamp":1774625573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.1990.6.431","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}}}