{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:55:11Z","timestamp":1791312911795,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]],"date-time":"1993-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":736214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Endemic infection with the human T cell leukemia\/lymphoma viruses I and II (HTLV-I\/II) is now recognized to be worldwide, and is becoming epidemic among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in the United States and Europe. The number of people around the world infected with HTLV-I can be estimated as between 10 and 20 million (Table 1). HTLV-I causes a rapidly progressing adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL), and an incurable progressive neuromyelopathy named tropical spastic paraparesis\/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP\/HAM), as well as a number of less well-studied syndromes. There is evidence that coinfection with HTLV-I or -II accelerates progression to AIDS. The cumulative lifetime risk of developing ATLL or TSP\/HAM is around 5%, which, in terms of the induction of serious diseases, places HTLV-I in the same category of viruses for which efficient vaccines are made and used. Furthermore, there are factors favoring the feasibility of a vaccine against HTLV-I, in that the virus displays relatively low antigenic variability, natural immunity occurs in humans, and experimental vaccination with the envelope (Env) antigen is successful in animal models. A vaccine against HTLV-I would be of significant public health value in the fields of oncology, neurology, and AIDS, and it would serve as a pathfinder for a vaccine against HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,16]],"date-time":"2009-03-16T13:42:20Z","timestamp":1237210940000},"page":"381-386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["An HTLV-I Vaccine: Why, How, for Whom?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"de Th\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bomford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]]},"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T15:49:17Z","timestamp":1774626557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.1993.9.381","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]}}}