{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:20:39Z","timestamp":1777378839506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic complications common to the HIV-positive population may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) is a screening tool commonly used for the detection of asymptomatic PAD. The prevalence of asymptomatic PAD based on ABI in HIV-positive patients is unknown. This study was cross-sectional in design and assessed PAD by measuring the systolic ABI as determined by a handheld 8-MHz Doppler probe with the patient at rest in a supine position. A brief medical history including pertinent risk factors was obtained. One hundred and sixty-seven HIV-positive patients were evaluated (97.6% male; mean age 52.0 years; 31.2% current smokers, 29.4% former smokers, 26.3% diabetes mellitus). Asymptomatic PAD (ABI \u22640.9) was found in four patients (2.4%, 95% CI: 0.3\u20134.5%). Smoking was a significant predictor of PAD. Patients with a positive test for PAD had at least two major risk factors for the disease including smoking, a history of disease in another vascular bed, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. All patients with a positive test for PAD had a high risk (&gt;20%) for cardiovascular disease according to the Framingham risk score. Three of the four patients with positive tests had previously diagnosed vascular disease (CAD, stroke). Three patients presenting with PAD were evaluated and all had a positive ABI. The prevalence of PAD compared to previous studies on PAD in HIV was low and identified only those patients with high cardiovascular risk based on other features. ABI was not useful in detecting occult vascular disease in HIV-positive patients and offers no additional information to that derived from cardiovascular risk stratification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,18]],"date-time":"2010-08-18T12:34:51Z","timestamp":1282134891000},"page":"955-959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ankle Brachial Index Screening for Occult Vascular Disease Is Not Useful in HIV-Positive Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Johns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.B. John","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia and Cardiovascular Imaging Research Core Laboratory","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08468-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.7.700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200304001-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200001010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1989.tb01231.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.4.958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168911.78624.b7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000114520.38748.AA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.593442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(90)90257-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2008.00638.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.570903"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Update on the Canadian diabetes association 2008 clinical practice guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Bhattacharyya OK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya OK, , Estey EA, , Cheng AY. and the Canadian Diabetes Association 2008. Update on the Canadian diabetes association 2008 clinical practice guidelines. Can Family Physician Med Fam Canad, 2009; 55,1:39\u201343.","journal-title":"Can Family Physician Med Fam Canad"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105243442108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318157b0b3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.122871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.8.884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01123.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01953.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319707302494"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","first-page":"753","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and peripheral arterial occlusive disease","volume":"114","author":"Cole CW","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cole CW, , Hill GB, , Farzad E et al. Cigarette smoking and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Surgery, 1993; 114,4:753\u2013756discussion 756\u2013757.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262002-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200102160-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200011100-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2004.092262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.4.546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.12.2107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.03.039"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2009.0275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2009.0275","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2009.0275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:12:26Z","timestamp":1777367546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.2009.0275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2009.0275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2009.0275","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}