{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:21:46Z","timestamp":1777378906720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We investigated whether polymorphisms in human candidate genes could be associated with a different risk of developing lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Genomic DNA samples from white HIV-1-infected patients were analyzed for seven polymorphisms located in the MDR1, TNF-\u03b1, APM1, APOE, and LPL genes. Lipid data were retrospectively collected beginning with the initiation of cART. Lipodystrophy was assessed cross-sectionally and then prospectively. The association with lipodystrophy and National Cholesterol Evaluation Program Adult Treatment Panel III-defined lipid thresholds was analyzed using survival analysis and logistic regression. One-hundred and seventy-four patients were genotyped. In 151 patients assessed for lipodystrophy, MDR1 3435 T homozygosis was associated with a higher hazard (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR, versus CT 0.25;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.02) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 308 G homozygosis with a lower hazard (vs. AA aHR 2.14;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.04) of developing trunk fat accumulation after adjusting for gender and initial cART type. The TNF 238 GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of developing low HDL-cholesterol levels (adjusted odd ratio, aOR, 5.91;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.01) while patients carrying the LPL S477X mutation were at lower risk of reaching high non-HDL-cholesterol levels (aOR 0.39;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.05). The APOEe3\/3 genotype patients were at lower risk (aOR 0.26,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.015), whereas the adiponectin 276 GT carriers were at higher risk of developing hypertriglyceremia (vs. GG aOR 3.10;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.04). Knowledge of the effect of genetic determinants on dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy may prompt the investigation of potential pathogenetic mechanisms and might eventually be used for guiding individualized treatment decisions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T04:16:14Z","timestamp":1305864974000},"page":"1299-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Effect of Polymorphisms in Candidate Genes on the Long-Term Risk of Lipodystrophy and Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected White Patients Starting Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Marzocchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Di Giambenedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Colafigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bracciale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimilliano","family":"Fabbiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Fantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Trecarichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cauda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Sacred Heart","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University Hospital of Siena","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540500361302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311210-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200212153-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07276-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200403260-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"The efavirenz-induced increase in HDL-cholesterol is influenced by the multidrug resistance gene 1 C3435T polymorphism","volume":"19","author":"Alonso-Villaverde C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alonso-Villaverde C, , Coll B, , G\u00f3mez F et al. 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