{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:09:27Z","timestamp":1779106167666,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We investigated the diagnostic usefulness of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in HIV-1-infected patients without neurological symptoms in detecting intracranial diseases at early stages. In this retrospective analysis, the study patients were HIV-1-infected patients who underwent brain MRI scan in clinical practice between 2001 and 2013. We excluded patients with MRI for (1) follow-up examination for prediagnosed intracranial diseases, (2) cancer staging, (3) screening mycobacterium\/bacteria\/fungi disease proliferation in the brain, and (4) evaluation for meningitis\/encephalitis. The study patients (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =485) were classified into two groups: those who underwent brain MRI scan without any neurological symptoms\/signs (asymptomatic patients,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =158) and those who underwent MRI due to such symptoms (symptomatic patients,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =327). Asymptomatic patients had lower CD4 counts than symptomatic patients (median 78 versus 241\/\u03bcl). Intracranial diseases were detected in three (2%) of the asymptomatic patients [two toxoplasmosis and one progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)] compared to 58 (19%) of the symptomatic patients (the \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    test,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01). The latter included toxoplasmosis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =10), PML (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =7), cytomegalovirus encephalitis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =3), primary central nervous system lymphoma (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =3), cryptococcoma\/meningitis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =3), and HIV-associated dementia (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =17). Among symptomatic patients, intracranial diseases were common in those with slurred speech (3\/6, 50%), seizure (4\/10, 40%), eyesight\/vision abnormality (5\/16, 31%), altered mental status (8\/31, 26%), and hemiplegia\/numbness (13\/50, 26%). For patients with CD4 count &lt;200\/\u03bcl, intracranial diseases were detected in only 3 (3%) of 144 asymptomatic patients, compared with 46 (32%) of 113 symptomatic patients (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01). Brain MRI screening for HIV-1-infected patients without neurological symptoms is of little value.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T11:11:43Z","timestamp":1406891503000},"page":"970-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening Is Not Useful for HIV-1-Infected Patients Without Neurological Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Kumamoto University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Gatanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Kumamoto University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuji","family":"Teruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanehiro","family":"Hasuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Global Health and Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Kumamoto University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the National Institutes of Health and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Available at http:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/contentfiles\/lvguidelines\/adult_oi.pdf. Accessed February27 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03291.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.2.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70098-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70226-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70269-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-010-0001-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"451","article-title":"Screening CT of the brain determined by CD4 count in HIV-positive patients presenting with headache","volume":"21","author":"Graham CB","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graham CB3rd, , Wippold FJ2nd, , Pilgram TK, et al.: Screening CT of the brain determined by CD4 count in HIV-positive patients presenting with headache. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2000; 21:451\u2013454.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term exposure to tenofovir continuously decrease renal function in HIV-1-infected patients with low body weight","author":"Nishijima T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishijima T, , Kawasaki Y, , Tanaka N, et al.: Long-term exposure to tenofovir continuously decrease renal function in HIV-1-infected patients with low body weight. AIDS, 2014:1.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318206e499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f406ae"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2014.0123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2014.0123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2014.0123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:14:21Z","timestamp":1779102861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.2014.0123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2014.0123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2014.0123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}}}