{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:02:00Z","timestamp":1791172920458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a cohort of HIV-infected patients of sub-Saharan origin we describe the incidence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy after 3 years of combined antiretroviral therapy, and model the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases, while taking into account environmental factors. This is a multinational, prospective cohort study conducted in HIV outpatient clinics from four tertiary care centers set in France and C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. The participants were HIV-infected, treatment-naive patients eligible to start antiretroviral treatment and were of sub-Saharan African origin. The main outcome measures were the incidence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy, and the assessment of the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases using Framingham risk prediction, D.A.D. Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and WHO\/ISH prediction charts. Of 245 patients followed for up to 3 years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy was 5.5, 8.5, and 6.8 per 100 person-years of follow-up (cumulative incidence: 14.4%, 19.2%, and 18.1%, respectively). Living in France as well as female gender and being overweight were risk factors for metabolic disorders as whole and only first generation protease inhibitors were marginally associated with metabolic syndrome. Cardiovascular risk as modeled through the three equations was high in all patients with the synergistic and deleterious effect of living in France compared to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. This cohort study shows how the synergy between HIV, antiretroviral (ARV) exposure, and westernization of life style in a cohort of HIV-infected patients of sub-Saharan origin leads to a progressive increase in the risk of lipodystrophy, as well as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, all associated with increased cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T05:52:54Z","timestamp":1424757174000},"page":"384-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Risk in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients of Sub-Saharan Origin Starting Antiretrovirals: Impact of Westernized Lifestyle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Serge Paul","family":"Eholi\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Treichville University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Lacombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pierre and Marie Curie","place":["France"]},{"name":"Hospital Saint-Antoine","place":["France"]},{"name":"UPMC University Paris 06","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alysa","family":"Krain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Saint-Antoine","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelica","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treichville University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariama","family":"Ouiminga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treichville University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Campa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Saint-Antoine","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bouchaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Avicenne","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bissagnene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treichville University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Marie","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pierre and Marie Curie","place":["France"]},{"name":"Hospital Saint-Antoine","place":["France"]},{"name":"UPMC University Paris 06","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/vasc.2011.ra0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.7.844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318158c0a6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.17.2144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200002180-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305020-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-4572.2008.07584.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1082038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2012.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350901400307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31819c16f4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Morlat P Rapport d'Experts: Prise en charge des personnes infect\u00e9es par le VIH. 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