{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:09:33Z","timestamp":1787008173212,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). HTLV-1 infected individuals have increased susceptibility to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection but the influence of tuberculosis (TB) on the course of HTLV-1 infection is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TB on immunological, virologic, and neurologic features of HTLV-1 infection. This is a retrospective analysis of individuals enrolled in a cohort study from an HTLV-1 clinic who were evaluated for past or latent tuberculosis (LTB) and classified clinically as HTLV-1 carriers, probable HAM\/TSP and definite HAM\/TSP. Spontaneous cytokine production (interferon-gamma [IFN-\u03b3], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and interleukin[IL]-10), serum chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) and HTLV-1 proviral load were evaluated. Of 172 participants, 64 did not have histories of TB (TB- group), 81 had LTB and 27 had TB in the past (TB+ group). In the TB+ group, there was a higher frequency of HAM\/TSP patients (35%) than in HTLV-1 carriers (10%) (OR\u2009=\u20093.8,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.0001). HAM\/TSP patients with histories of TB had higher IFN-\u03b3\/IL-10 and TNF\/IL-10 ratios when compared with HAM\/TSP patients without histories of TB. There were no differences in serum chemokine production and proviral load across TB groups stratified on HTLV-1 clinical status. In conclusion, TB may influence the development of HAM\/TSP, and patients with these two diseases have an impairment in the modulation of immune response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T08:18:42Z","timestamp":1495700322000},"page":"1126-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of Tuberculosis Status with Neurologic Disease and Immune Response in HTLV-1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Anselmo","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases 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