{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:09:43Z","timestamp":1779106183392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The circulating subtype distribution of HIV-1 has not been well characterized in female sex worker (FSW) populations in Thailand. To understand the mechanisms and interrelationships of epidemics involving FSWs in Thailand, we performed a large molecular epidemiological study of FSWs aged 25 years with recently acquired HIV-1 infections. The samples were collected in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 in 38 provinces, representing every region of Thailand. After gag (p24),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pol<\/jats:italic>\n                    (pro-RT), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">env<\/jats:italic>\n                    (C2\/V3) were sequenced, comprehensive genome analysis was performed. Genetic subtypes were determined in 159 plasma samples. The percentage of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) CRF01_AE (90.6%) predominated, while subtype B (1.3%), other CRFs (1.9%), and unique recombinant forms (URFs) (6.2%) were identified as minor populations. Interestingly, the unique recombinant nature of these HIV-1 strains was verified in 10 specimens, indicating the presence of new forms of HIV-1 intersubtypes G\/A, C\/B, AE\/B\/C, and AE\/B with different recombination breakpoints. Subtype B has contributed to these new generations of unique CRF01\/B recombinants, especially in the pol (RT) gene, in which the template switching of the RT genomes occurred during reverse transcription. These results imply that the several unique recombinant viruses circulating in Thailand were probably generated in the population or introduced from neighboring countries. Our study helps clarify the patterns of viral transmission and define transmission pathways in Thailand.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T04:08:46Z","timestamp":1455854926000},"page":"694-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Circulation of HIV-1 Multiple Complexity Recombinant Forms Among Female Sex Workers Recently Infected with HIV-1 in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Siriphan","family":"Saeng-aroon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruangchai","family":"Loket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanarak","family":"Plipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suttiwat","family":"Lumyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somchai","family":"Sangkitporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi E.","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naokazu","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI)","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Shioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Motomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (RCC-ERI)","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"UN Joint Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) The Gap Report 2014 available at: www.refworld.org\/docid\/53f1e1604.html accessed 10April2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472300"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70066-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088922204323087705"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801302S04"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088922203322280892"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0095"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016211795569096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02370-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00936-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181d82ce5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kijak GH et al.: Distinguishing molecular forms of HIV-1 in Asia with a high-throughput fluorescent genotyping assay MHAbce v.2. 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