{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:28:11Z","timestamp":1790674091226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inversion of the CD4\/CD8 ratio (&lt;1) has been identified as a surrogate marker of immunosenescence and an independent predictor of AIDS events in HIV-infected patients and mortality in the general population. We aimed to assess the association between the CD4\/CD8 ratio and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression in treated HIV-infected patients as a marker of coronary heart disease. A longitudinal study was conducted during 3 years in 96 virally suppressed HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). We analyzed the associations between the CD4\/CD8 ratio, cardiovascular risk factors, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed using cIMT at baseline and after 3 years. Finally, 96 patients completed the study. Seventy six (79.1%) patients were male, aged 44\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years; 39 (40.6%) were on treatment with protease inhibitors; 49 (51.04%) with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 6 (6.25%) with integrase inhibitors, 3 (3.12%) with maraviroc, and 2 (2.08%) just with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The mean of ART exposition was 6.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9 years. Twenty six (27%) patients had family history of ischemic heart disease, 51 (53.12%) were smokers, 12 (12.5%) were hypertensive, 4 (4.16%) had type 2 diabetes, 23 (23.9%) had dyslipidemia, and 31 (32.3%) were infected with hepatitis C virus. Baseline cIMT was significantly associated with age (rho\u2009=\u20090.497;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), basal glucemia (rho\u2009=\u20090.323;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001), triglycerides (rho\u2009=\u20090.232;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.023), Framingham risk score (rho\u2009=\u20090.324;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001), CD4\/CD8 ratio (rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.176;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.05), and dyslipidemia (0.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009mm vs. 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u2009mm;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.029). In multivariable analysis where cardiovascular risk factor and ART were included, cIMT progression was inversely associated with CD4\/CD8 ratio [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20090.283; confidence interval (95% CI) 0.099\u20130.809;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.019]. In conclusion, the inversion of CD4\/CD8 ratio in treated HIV-infected patients is independently associated with cIMT progression, a marker of coronary heart disease. Therefore, it might be clinically useful as predictor of cardiovascular events.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T22:45:12Z","timestamp":1458686712000},"page":"648-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The CD4\/CD8 Ratio is Inversely Associated with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Bernal Morell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia de Murcia","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Serrano Cabeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia de Murcia","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngeles","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia de Murcia","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda de Murcia","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Masi\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario de Elche","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario de Elche","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia de Murcia","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a3172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042909-093756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832b514b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833647d9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.5.556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835faa72"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00006-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f7cb88"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000124480.32233.8A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.111.000422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31829ed726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0B013E31822D4993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.6.B378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628875"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2015.0385","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2015.0385","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2015.0385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:14:52Z","timestamp":1779102892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aid.2015.0385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2015.0385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2015.0385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}