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Since recurrent antigen stimulation drives the differentiation of CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells toward the T\n                    <jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>\n                    phenotype, in this study we incorporated a persistent herpesviral vector into a heterologous prime\/boost\/boost vaccine approach to maximize the induction of T\n                    <jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>\n                    responses. This new regimen resulted in CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>\n                    -biased responses in four rhesus macaques, three of which controlled viral replication to &lt;1,000 viral RNA copies\/ml of plasma for more than 6 months after infection with SIVmac239. Over the course of this study, we made a series of interesting observations in one of these successful controller animals. Indeed,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    elimination of CD8\u03b1\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells using a new CD8\u03b2-depleting antibody did not abrogate virologic control in this monkey. Only after its CD8\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes were depleted did SIV rebound, suggesting that CD8\u03b1\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    but not CD8\u03b1\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were controlling viral replication. By 2 weeks postinfection (PI), the only SIV sequences that could be detected in this animal harbored a small in-frame deletion in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">nef<\/jats:italic>\n                    affecting six amino acids. Deep sequencing of the SIVmac239 challenge stock revealed no evidence of this polymorphism. However, sequencing of the rebound virus following CD8\u03b1 depletion at week 38.4 PI again revealed only the six-amino acid deletion in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">nef<\/jats:italic>\n                    . While any role for immunological pressure on the selection of this deleted variant remains uncertain, our data provide anecdotal evidence that control of SIV replication can be maintained without an intact CD8\u03b1\u03b2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell compartment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]],"date-time":"2017-05-13T13:38:31Z","timestamp":1494682711000},"page":"843-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Rare Control of SIVmac239 Infection in a Vaccinated Rhesus Macaque"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien 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