{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:29:33Z","timestamp":1777379373429,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined associations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and bone toxicity. We studied TDF\/emtricitabine (FTC) HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Bone toxicity was predefined using bone mineral density\/content change from baseline to week 48. Baseline serum 25-OHD was dichotomized as &lt;20\u2009ng\/mL (insufficient\/deficient) versus \u226520 (sufficient), and week 48 dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) as &gt;700\u2009fmol\/punch (protective against HIV acquisition) versus \u2264700. Associations were examined by univariate and multivariable logistic regression, reporting crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 101 enrolled, 69 had complete bone assessments and 25-OHD; of these, 59 had week 48 TFV-DP data. Median (Q1\u2013Q3) age was 20 (18\u201321) years; 54% were black\/African American. In univariate analysis, participants with baseline 25-OHD &lt;20\u2009ng\/mL (OR\u2009=\u20095.4; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.9\u201316.5) and blacks (OR\u2009=\u20094.9; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.7\u201315.2) had greater odds of bone toxicity than those with 25-OHD \u226520 or other races. TFV-DP was not associated with bone toxicity (OR\u2009=\u20091.6; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.5\u20135.5). In multivariable analysis, compared with those with 25-OHD \u226520 and TFV-DP \u2264700, those with 25-OHD \u226520 and TFV-DP &gt;700 (OR\u2009=\u200911.5; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.4\u2013169.6), 25-OHD &lt;20 and TFV-DP \u2264700 (OR\u2009=\u200919.4; 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.0\u2013228.7), and 25-OHD &lt;20 and TFV-DP &gt;700 (OR\u2009=\u200932.3; 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.3\u2013653.6) had greater odds of bone toxicity after adjusting for race. In multivariable models, 25-OHD insufficiency, protective TFV-DP concentrations, and black race were significantly associated with bone toxicity after 48 weeks of TDF\/FTC PrEP in YMSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01769469.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T09:56:25Z","timestamp":1538560585000},"page":"123-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Short Communication: Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Protective Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations with Bone Toxicity in Adolescent Boys and Young Men Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate\/Emtricitabine for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Havens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin\/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Tamhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Stephensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gertrud U.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine\/Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat, Rockville, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sybil G.","family":"Hosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bill G.","family":"Kapogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV\/AIDS Intervention Protocol 117 Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70847-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw765"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D.","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. 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