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Anal cytology and digital rectal examination are performed as screening tools, but extensive training and appropriate instruments are required to follow up on an abnormal anal cytology. Thus, novel approaches to SIL evaluation could improve better health care follow-up by efficient and timely diagnosis to offer treatment options. Recently, Raman-enhanced spectroscopy (RESpect) has emerged as a potential new tool for early identification of SIL. RESpect is a noninvasive, label-free, laser-based technique that identifies molecular composition of tissues and cells. HIV-serodiscordant couples had anal biopsies obtained during high-resolution anoscopy. RESpect was performed on the specimens. Principal component analysis of the data identified differences between normal and abnormal tissue as well as HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals of each couple even with similar pathologies. RESpect has the potential to change the paradigm of anal pathology diagnosis and could provide insight into different pathways leading to SIL in HIV-serodiscordant couples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]],"date-time":"2019-01-05T08:19:23Z","timestamp":1546676363000},"page":"287-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Raman-Enhanced Spectroscopy Distinguishes Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Serodiscordant Couples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Oda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Agsalda-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. 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