{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:12:30Z","timestamp":1789981950433,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to compare reproductive health and high-risk behaviors in female sex workers (FSWs) and single mothers (SMs) in Zambia's two largest cities, Lusaka and Ndola. FSWs were invited from known community hot spots, and sexually active HIV\u2212 SMs were referred from infant vaccination services for free and anonymous screening and treatment for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and long acting reversible contraception. A subset completed an interviewer-administered survey. From 2012 to 2016, 1,893 women (1,377 FSWs and 516 HIV\u2212 SMs) responded to referrals. HIV prevalence was 50% in Lusaka and 33% in Ndola FSWs. Positive syphilis serology (rapid plasmin reagin) was found in 29%\u201331% of HIV+ FSWs and 9%\u201312% of HIV\u2212 FSWs and SMs. Trichomonas was more common in Ndola (11%\u201312%), compared with Lusaka (3%\u20137%). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use among HIV+ FSWs was 9%\u201315%. In all groups, consistent condom use (8%\u201311%) and modern contraceptive use (35%\u201365%) were low. Low literacy and reported coercion at first sexual intercourse were common in both FSWs and SMs, as was alcohol use during sex among FSWs. Zambian FSWs and SMs have low condom use and high HIV\/STI and unplanned pregnancy risk. Many FSWs and half of SMs are \u226525 years of age, and thus too old for HIV prevention services targeting \u201cadolescent girls and young women\u201d (aged 15\u201324). Tailored and targeted reproductive health services are needed to reduce HIV, STI, and unplanned pregnancy in these vulnerable women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T09:48:56Z","timestamp":1560764936000},"page":"814-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Single Mothers and Female Sex Workers in Zambia Have Similar Risk Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Kilembe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubiana","family":"Inambao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyronza","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."},{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Himukumbwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Tichacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalonde","family":"Malama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Visoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elwyn","family":"Chomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS Zambia. 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