{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:31:54Z","timestamp":1777379514281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a detergent-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr), an accessory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV), and detected soluble Vpr in \u223c22% of HIV patients who were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy and were free of plasma HIV RNA. Notably, the levels of CD8-positive cell count, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), all of which are markers of chronic inflammation in HIV patients, were higher in Vpr-positive patients than in Vpr-negative patients. Because sICAM1 and CCL2 are associated with an increased risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, we propose that an established Vpr-ELISA would be useful for monitoring the risk of HIV complications during latent HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1554184336000},"page":"660-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Short Communication: A Quantitative System for Monitoring Blood-Circulating Viral Protein R of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Detected a Possible Link with Pathogenic Indices"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Gatanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihito","family":"Ishizaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317641"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"DNA unwinding by viral protein R initializes complicated cellular responses in HIV-1 infection: Defining the Viper's first bite","volume":"4","author":"Iijima K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iijima K, , Ishizaka Y: DNA unwinding by viral protein R initializes complicated cellular responses in HIV-1 infection: Defining the Viper's first bite. 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