{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:35:32Z","timestamp":1777379732473,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Low serum vitamin D levels are very common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. In our cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and serum inflammation markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), D-dimers, platelet count (PLT)] in 148 HIV-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy [28 on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)] and 40 healthy controls. The controls were significantly older (56.6\u2009\u00b1\u200919.1 years for HIV(\u2212) vs. 45.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8 years for HIV(+);\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001) and more females were observed in this group (65% for HIV(\u2212) vs. 16.7% for HIV(+);\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001). The vitamin D serum level was comparable in the two studied groups (74.2\u2009\u00b1\u200935.9\u2009nmol\/L for HIV(+) vs. 78.0\u2009\u00b1\u200927.6 nnmol\/L for HIV(\u2212),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.545). In HIV-infected group, a significant positive correlation between CD4+ cell percentage and vitamin D level was observed (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.17;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.036). Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between vitamin D level and CD8+ cell percentage, PLT, CRP, and D-dimers was seen. In univariate analysis, only TAF use and AIDS status was associated with vitamin D level deficiency. No other antiretroviral (ARV) drug nor gender or smoking had influence on vitamin D serum level. In multivariate analysis, only AIDS status and CRP level were correlated with vitamin D level (slope estimate\u2009=\u200911.6 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.032 and slope estimate\u2009=\u2009\u22120.83 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002; respectively). In summary, we report that low vitamin D level may be associated with high CRP level in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, especially in AIDS phase. More larger studies are required to assess our observation concerning TAF use and vitamin D level in HIV-positive patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T02:25:37Z","timestamp":1589509537000},"page":"676-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk Factors of Hypovitaminosis D in HIV-Infected Patients on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Miku\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Sapu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena M.","family":"Suchacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Koz\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagny","family":"Krankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Sta\u0144czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Wierci\u0144ska-Drapa\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.1027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328347f6f7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31821ae418"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2018.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303070-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711010777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181caebaa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01096-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0590-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"903680","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions of vitamin D in combating TB\/HIV","volume":"2014","author":"Coussens AK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coussens AK, , Martineau AR, , Wilkinson RJ: Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions of vitamin D in combating TB\/HIV. 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