{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:34:37Z","timestamp":1777379677778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of drug-resistance genotypes among unique recombinant forms (URFs) in HIV-1 infected people under long-term antiretroviral treatment failure from Yunnan Province. The plasma samples were collected from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-failure experienced individuals from 2016 to 2017 in Yunnan Province, China. The genotyping drug resistance of HIV-1 pol gene fragments was implemented using in-house assay. According to the analysis of RIP and MEGA 7.0, the HIV-1 strains related to URFs were screened for recombinant identification and drug resistance analysis. A total of 130 pol sequences of HIV-1 URF strains were obtained from 1,121 samples. The proportion of HIV-1 URF strains was 11.6% among the ART-failure individuals from 2016 to 2017 in Yunnan. The overall drug-resistance rate of HIV-1 URF strains was 56.9%. Meanwhile, the percentage of protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistance was 3.8% (5\/130), 36.2% (47\/130), and 53.8% (70\/130), respectively. Mutations such as M184V\/I (35.4%) in NRTIs and K103N\/R\/S\/T (25.4%), V179D\/E\/T\/Y (18.9%), G190A\/E\/R\/S (13.8%), and Y181C (9.2%) in NNRTIs were common among the HIV-1 URF strains relative to other mutations. Factors such as male, sexual transmission pathway, and source of the year 2017 were significantly correlated with the development of HIV-1 URF drug resistance. The emergence of the multiple recombinant forms identified in Yunnan indicates active transmission networks of HIV-1 of different HIV-1 subtype\/circulating recombinant forms cross-infection in this region. Therefore, it is necessary to further monitor the molecular epidemiology and drug resistance of HIV-1 in Yunnan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T04:06:18Z","timestamp":1578542778000},"page":"389-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Genotypes Among Unique Recombinant Forms from Yunnan Province, China in 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiafa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bihui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanlu","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingqi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"National AIDS and STD epidemic in December 2017","volume":"24","author":"NCAIDS NCSTD","year":"2018","unstructured":"NCAIDS NCSTD, , China CDC. National AIDS and STD epidemic in December 2017. China AIDS and STD, 2018; 24:111.","journal-title":"China AIDS and STD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1683-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328351430d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00399-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328360db2d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06573-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"836","article-title":"HIV-1 subtype and the distribution in Yunnan province","volume":"33","author":"Yang SM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang SM, , Li HQ, , Chen LL, et al.: HIV-1 subtype and the distribution in Yunnan province. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2012; 33:836\u2013840.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283522c97"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06860-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq209","article-title":"Estimating the number of people living with HIV\/AIDS in China: 2003\u20132009","volume":"39","author":"Wang N","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang N, , Wang L, , Wu Z, et al.: Estimating the number of people living with HIV\/AIDS in China: 2003\u20132009. Int J Epidemiol, 2010; 39:21\u201328.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-017-4051-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"612","article-title":"Analysis of compliance of antiviral therapy in 285 HIV patients[J]","author":"Dong XB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dong XB, , Wu D, , Liu W, et al.: Analysis of compliance of antiviral therapy in 285 HIV patients[J]. Med Inf, 2014; 612\u2013612.","journal-title":"Med Inf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90124-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Cai ZH Chen YY Gao J et al.: Influencing factors and countermeasures of medication compliance in patients with AIDS[J]. Today Nurse (Specialist Edition) 2011:108\u2013110."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1496777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Characteristics of near-full-length gene sequences of 20 HIV-1 unique recombinant strain in Yunnan Province[J]","volume":"23","author":"Li JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li JJ, , Dong XQ, , Li HQ, et al.: Characteristics of near-full-length gene sequences of 20 HIV-1 unique recombinant strain in Yunnan Province[J]. Chin J AIDS Vet Dis, 2017; 23:377\u2013381.","journal-title":"Chin J AIDS Vet Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-11-36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0132-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"156","article-title":"2011 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1","volume":"19","author":"Johnson VA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johnson VA, , Calvez V, , G\u00fcnthard HF, et al.: 2011 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1. Top Antivir Med, 2011; 19:156\u2013164.","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020701800505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/464673c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090845"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:15:16Z","timestamp":1777367716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2019.0041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]}}}