{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:34:38Z","timestamp":1777379678064,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Support of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) testing and treatment supported by President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in Africa requires immense quantities of tests and medications. We sought to use central pharmacy supply data of Mozambique's rural Zamb\u00e9zia Province (2017 population \u22485.11 million persons; \u224812.6% adult HIV prevalence in 2016) to examine shortages, stockouts, and trends in availability. Using stock surveillance for 60 weeks in 2014\u20132015, we assessed availability of 36 medications [4 classes: adult antiretroviral (ARV) medications, pediatric ARVs, anti-TB medications, and antibiotics] and diagnostic test kits (2 rapid tests for HIV; 1 each for malaria and syphilis). We contrasted these to 2018\u20132019 data. We modeled pharmacy data using ordinal logistic regression, characterizing weekly product availability in four categories: good, adequate, shortage, or complete stockout. We found 166 (7\n                    <jats:sub>.<\/jats:sub>\n                    7%) stockouts and 150 (6.9%) shortages among 2,160 weekly records. Earlier calendar time was associated with reduced medication supplies (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Certain medication\/test kit classes were associated with reduced supply (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). We found an interaction between time and medication class on the odds of reduced supply (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Pediatric ARVs had a 17.4 (95% confidence interval: 8.8\u201334.4) times higher odds of reduced medication supply compared with adult ARVs at study midpoint. Trends comparing the first and last weeks showed adult ARVs having 67% and pediatric having 71% lower odds of reduced supplies. Only adult ARV shortages improved amid growing demand. Data from 2018 to 2019 suggest continuing inventory management challenges. Monitoring of drug (especially pediatric) and test kit shortages is vital to ensure quality improvement to guarantee adequate supplies to enable patients and care providers to achieve sustained viral suppression. A central Mozambican drug repository in the nation's second largest Province continues to experience drug and rapid test kit stockouts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T04:03:37Z","timestamp":1578542617000},"page":"415-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Monitoring Pharmacy and Test Kit Stocks in Rural Mozambique: U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Surveillance to Help Prevent Ministry of Health Shortages"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Magdalena P.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meridith Blevins","family":"Peratikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amina S.","family":"Muicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends in Global Health (FGH), Maputo, Mozambique."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Epifanio","family":"Mahagaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Provincial de Sa\u00fade-Prov\u00edncia da Zamb\u00e9zia, Minist\u00e9rio de Sa\u00fade, Maputo, Mozambique."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda Sardella","family":"Alvim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends in Global Health (FGH), Maputo, Mozambique."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann F.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. William","family":"Wester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (VIGH), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Friends in Global Health (FGH), Maputo, Mozambique."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sten H.","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and Office of the Dean, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-3211-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx057"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128500"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114762"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.15.46.1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000387"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156026"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-015-0062-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe80222"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-444"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Impact of decentralization on health services in Uganda: A look at facility utilization, prescribing and availability of essential drugs","volume":"81","author":"Anokbonggo WW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anokbonggo WW, , Ogwal-Okeng JW, , Obua C, , Aupont O, , Ross-Degnan D: Impact of decentralization on health services in Uganda: A look at facility utilization, prescribing and availability of essential drugs. 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