{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:32:31Z","timestamp":1777379551847,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Subtype C (HIV-1C) is the most prevalent HIV-1 subtype worldwide. Although it is highly prevalent in Nepal, genotypic information on Nepalese HIV-1C is limited. We herein investigated the origin and dynamics of HIV-1C in Nepal. Nearly full-length sequencing of Nepalese HIV-1C strains and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The results obtained showed that Nepalese HIV-1C is closely related to the Indian and southern African strains and the introduction of HIV-1C into Nepal was estimated to be in the mid-1980s. These results suggest that multiple HIV-1C strains entered Nepal in the mid-1980s, and this was followed by a marked increase in the number of infection cases for the next decade. These results reflect the current transmission dynamics of HIV-1C strains in Nepal and provide valuable information for HIV monitoring and vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T07:24:46Z","timestamp":1559373886000},"page":"870-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genotypic Characterization of HIV-1 Subtype C in the Central Region of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Oka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baharat Singh","family":"Negi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maho","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kotaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Kameoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS: Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u20142018 fact sheet. Available at www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet accessed January9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu420"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07352"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328342ff93"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2742-2751.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X14666161003141950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS: Country factsheets Nepal 2017. Available at www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/nepal accessed January9 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001420"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0271"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039819"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS: Country Progress Report NEPAL. Available at www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/NPL_2018_countryreport.pdf accessed January12 2019."}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0105","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:14:47Z","timestamp":1777367687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2019.0105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2019.0105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]}}}