{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:35:16Z","timestamp":1777379716334,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A significant progress has been made over the years in the prognosis and treatment of patients with early diagnosis of HIV infection. However, late presentation of a large number of patients remains a serious public health problem. The aim of our study is to highlight the dimensions of the problem by evaluating the data from the HIV Unit of Alexandroupolis, a rural region with population heterogeneity and a strategic position between West and East, Europe, and Asia. This was a retrospective study, including 107 patients diagnosed with HIV infection in our unit from 2010 to 2018. Late presenters (LP) were defined as patients diagnosed with a CD4 cell count &lt;350\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    or an AIDS-defining condition regardless of CD4 cell count. The proportion of patients diagnosed late was 49.5%. The majority were males in the age group 31\u201340 years (41.5%). Men who had sex with men were 37.8%. Among LP, 34% were at Center for Disease Prevention and Control stage C3. The most common AIDS-defining condition observed was\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                    Pneumonia (15.1%), followed by esophageal candidiasis (7.5%) and cryptococcal meningitis (3.8%). In addition, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was documented (3.8%). A high percentage of patients were also coinfected with hepatitis B (22.6%) virus. The notably high percentage of LP in our unit demonstrates that late presentation remains a challenge for public health. Further efforts must be made to ensure an early diagnosis of HIV infection. The early initiation of antiretroviral therapy is vital to reduce viral load to undetectable levels and the risk of HIV transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T04:48:03Z","timestamp":1587012483000},"page":"601-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Late Presenters of HIV Infection in an HIV Unit of a Tertiary University Hospital in a Rural Region of Greece"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzelal","family":"Maltsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Xanthopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Maltezos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"On the Fast-Track to End AIDS by 2030: Focus on Location and Population","author":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2015","unstructured":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS): On the Fast-Track to End AIDS by 2030: Focus on Location and Population. 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