{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:34:54Z","timestamp":1777379694772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The World Health Organization (WHO) has put forth recommendations for the use of integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) to be part of the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy regimen to treat HIV infections. The knowledge of pretreatment drug resistance against INSTIs is still scarce in resource-limited settings (RLS). We characterized the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">integrase<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene to identify resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in 56 INSTI-naive patient viral sequences from Cameroon. Study analysis used 37 sequences with fragment size \u2265500\u2009bp or of good quality .The majority of the sequences were identified as CRF02_AG 54.% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920\/37) and 45.9% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917\/37), other subtype viral sequences include (A, CRF36_cpx, F,G, and C). A total of 18.9% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097\/37) of the sequences had RAMs, with only 5.4% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092\/37) having major RAMs (Y143R\/C\/D\/G and P145S), against INSTIs. Accessory RAMs were present in 8.1% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093\/37) of the sequences, of which one sequence contained solely E157Q, and another Q95K. One patient sequence had three accessory RAMs (G140E, E157Q, and G163R). We identified major RAMs to INSTIs, which might have a potential clinical impact to dolutegravir rollout in RLS, including Cameroon. This is the first study to describe RAMs among INSTI-naive people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1) infected with CRF02_AG and other subtypes in Cameroon.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T04:11:30Z","timestamp":1576210290000},"page":"450-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["HIV-1 Integrase Diversity and Resistance-Associated Mutations and Polymorphisms Among Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Naive HIV-1 Patients from Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sello Given","family":"Mikasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josiah Otwoma","family":"Gichana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Pathology Laboratory, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Van der Walt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Brado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adetayo Emmanuel","family":"Obasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Njenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Messembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Lyonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okomo","family":"Assoumou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Cloete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Mondinde","family":"Ikomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, University of Yaound\u00e9 I, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme Brendon","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.825443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01168-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22914-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall TA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall TA: BioEdit: a 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