{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:25:40Z","timestamp":1789640740554,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in gut microbiota alteration and this is associated with immune activation and chronic inflammation. The gastrointestinal tract is a primary site of viral replication and thus HIV-induced loss of T-helper (Th) cells in the gut causes impairments in intestinal barriers, resulting in disruptions in intestinal immunity and precipitating into gut dysbiosis. Here, we show that late HIV diagnosis can negatively affect the immunological, virological, and clinical prognosis of the patients with its higher implication at an older age. Further, the review indicates that antiretroviral therapy affects the gut microbiota. We discussed the use of probiotics and prebiotics that have been indicated to play a promising role in reversing gut microbiota alteration in HIV patients. Though there are\n                    <jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold>\n                    everal studies reported with regard to such alterations in gut microbiota regarding HIV infection, there is a need to provide comprehensive updates. It is, therefore, the objective of this review to present most recently available evidence on the alteration of gut microbiota among HIV patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T05:48:23Z","timestamp":1587620903000},"page":"556-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Review on the Alteration of Gut Microbiota: The Role of HIV Infection and Old Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Akililu Alemu","family":"Ashuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tekle Airgecho","family":"Lobie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Xue","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Zhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."},{"name":"Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Guang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS data. 2018. 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