{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:39:24Z","timestamp":1777379964234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/nv\/resources-tools\/text-and-data-mining-policy\/121\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T03:24:51Z","timestamp":1601436291000},"page":"601-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Insult to Injury-Potential Contribution of Coronavirus Disease-19 to Neuroinflammation and the Development of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Monray Edward","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burtram Clinton","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.008"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1527"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1970-8"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283427da7"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104689"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002516"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.11.006"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0138"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318256f3bc"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"368","author":"Chen T","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"49","author":"Hopkins C","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25783"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa272"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob HIV AIDs statistics, World AIDS day 2019 Fact Sheet"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199911000-00005"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1736"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14500"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10762"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280290049552"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8212"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330604"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.18.7089"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390606"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63767-4"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.09.005"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0150-5"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"73","volume":"282","author":"Mothapo KM","year":"2015","journal-title":"A pilot study in patients with HIV related cognitive impairments. J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X12666140526114956"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1271"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"10","author":"Valcour VG","year":"2015","journal-title":"cART plus integrase inhibitor and ccr5 antagonist initiated during acute HIV. PLoS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S0962935192000292"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00315-0"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89490"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00181-8"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00511.x"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.06.013"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.5.2359"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.8913-8921.2000"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030638"},{"key":"B45","author":"Yeh EA","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-1777-0_6"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.09.011"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P,\n                      et al.\n                      Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: Underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses 2019;12.","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2015_04_338"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2012.04.013"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"646","volume":"16","author":"Yin CH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00386"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0902"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07027"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1920-8"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000218"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10020093"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0720-y"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"1","volume":"2016","author":"Algahtani H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2017.13.3.227"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.124"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030852"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"2012","volume":"24","author":"Meo SA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol. Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2003.00520.x"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.025437"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444461"},{"key":"B69","first-page":"113","volume":"14","author":"Tsai LK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-010-0105-7"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13641"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.04.001"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01702-06"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-06"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.4030"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01815-18"},{"key":"B78","first-page":"6","author":"Reghunathan R","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2020.100176"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.033"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00488"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.06.006"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.7.3398-3406.2004"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"279","author":"Li Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008597"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"88. Esteban Molina A, Mata Mart\u00ednez M, S\u00e1nchez Chueca P, Carrillo L\u00f3pez A, Sancho Val I, Sanjuan-Villarreal TA: Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Med Intens 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medine.2020.04.006"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa086"},{"key":"B90","first-page":"1","author":"Pelea T","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B91","first-page":"E93","volume":"20","author":"Sancho-Salda\u00f1a A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med J R Coll Physicians London"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26988"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009191"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2020.04.007"},{"key":"B95","first-page":"20","author":"Virani A","year":"2020","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"96. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S: Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Causalitynor coincidence? Lancet Neurol 2020;19:383\u2013384.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30109-5"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323586"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.062"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091004"},{"key":"B103","unstructured":"103. Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B,\n                      et al.\n                      : Neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 revealed in a human brain organoid model. bioRxiv 2020:69946."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"104. Ramani A, M\u00fcller L, Ostermann PN,\n                      et al.\n                      : SARS-CoV-2 targets cortical neurons of 3D human brain organoids and shows neurodegeneration-like effects. bioRxiv 2020:106575.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.20.106575"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"B106","author":"Paterson RW","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2065"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2015132"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.02.001"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00127-20"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104759"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30066-5"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.123"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323522"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.012"},{"key":"B118","author":"Domingues RB","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25915"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a16946"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4321-8"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2626-z"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13473"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00129"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2020.03.001"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"127. Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun 2020;111:102452.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102452"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000744"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa387"},{"key":"B130","first-page":"471","volume":"36","author":"Chen C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25770"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000824"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000775"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117583"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-020-00354-4"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"B140","first-page":"203","volume":"43","author":"Chen L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.01.049"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.0021"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/506872"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytox.2020.100029"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118097"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182237e54"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000458"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X1992000200008"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-016-0505-9"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0590-4"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1329-9"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09870-1"},{"key":"B153","author":"Williams ME","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.06.016"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"156. Mat\u00edas-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Montero-Escribano P, Gomez-Iglesias P, Porta-Etessam J, Matias-Guiu JA: Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARSCoV-2 epidemic? Neurologia 2020;35:170\u2013175.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2020.03.002"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.258"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-009-0002-3"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200310010-00016"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.11.030"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"161. Guo W, Ming F, Dong Y,\n                      et al.\n                      : A survey for COVID-19 among HIV\/AIDS patients in two districts of Wuhan, China. SSRN Electron J 2020.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3550029"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30164-8"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00216"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2020.0136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2020.0136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:16:04Z","timestamp":1777367764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/aid.2020.0136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2020.0136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2020.0136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]}}}