{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:36:40Z","timestamp":1777379800857,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV variants carry natural polymorphisms related to drug resistance (R-markers) fixed during viral evolution in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that may impact on drug susceptibility and resistance pathways. We aimed to identify the HIV type 2 (HIV-2) variant-specific R-markers at Pol in all available sequences from ART-naive subjects deposited in Los Alamos database according to reported HIV-2 drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) and report the performance of two online HIV-2 resistance interpretation tools (HIV2EU Tool and Stanford HIVdb Program for HIV-2) to detect them. From a total of 587 sequences, we found 23 R-markers in low frequency, in groups A, B, and G. Four were present in &gt;10% of the sequences with no direct impact on antiretroviral susceptibility. HIV2EU Tool detected one, whereas Stanford program all four. Stanford new tool, although still under development, seems effective in detecting HIV-2 DRMs and may prove a useful tool for HIV-2 resistance interpretation when fully developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T09:05:44Z","timestamp":1613379944000},"page":"793-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Short Communication: Update in Natural Antiretroviral Resistance-Associated Mutations Among HIV Type 2 Variants and Discrepancies Across HIV Type 2 Resistance Interpretation Tools"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Paloma","family":"Troyano-Hern\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Red en Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infecciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (RITIP), Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Reinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Red en Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infecciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (RITIP), Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Red en Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infecciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (RITIP), Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1frica","family":"Holgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Red en Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infecciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (RITIP), Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2425430"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"HIV interaction with human host: HIV-2 as a model of a less virulent infection","volume":"18","author":"Pereira JMA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira JMA, , Costa QS: HIV interaction with human host: HIV-2 as a model of a less virulent infection. Aids Rev, 2016; 18:44\u201353.","journal-title":"Aids Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01284-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200412150-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn335"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ572"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-2 infection in non-endemic regions","volume":"22","author":"de Mendoza C","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Mendoza C, , Lozano AB, , Caballero E, , Cabezas T, , Ramos JM, , Soriano V: Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-2 infection in non-endemic regions. 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