{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:09:33Z","timestamp":1787008173464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the pilot NCT01935089 trial, we tested whether pegylated interferon alpha2b (Peg-IFN-\u03b12b) with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was safe and could impact HIV and immune measures in blood and in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Twenty HIV-1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ART-suppressed individuals received 1\u2009\u03bcg\/kg\/week Peg-IFN-\u03b12b with ART for 20 weeks, with intermediate 4-week analytical ART interruption (ATI). Safety, immune activation, HIV viral load and integrated HIV DNA in blood, and HIV RNA and DNA in gut biopsies were measured. A total of 7\/20 participants experienced grade 3\u20134 adverse events, while 17\/20 participants completed the study. Of the 17 participants who completed the study, 8 remained suppressed during ATI, while all 17 were suppressed at end of treatment (EoT). As expected, treatment increased activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells and IFN-stimulated molecule expression on monocytes in periphery. While circulating CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells showed a trend for a decrease in integrated HIV DNA, GALT showed a significant decrease in HIV-1 RNA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells as measured by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization along with a reduction in total HIV DNA and cell-associated RNA by EoT. The observed decrease in HIV-1 RNA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in GALT was positively associated with the decrease in activated NK cells and macrophages. This study documents for the first time that 20 weeks of immunotherapy with Peg-IFN-\u03b12b+ART (inclusive of a 4-week ATI) is safe and results in an increase in blood and GALT immune activation and in a significant decrease in HIV-1 RNA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in GALT in association with changes in innate cell activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T02:20:33Z","timestamp":1608085233000},"page":"433-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Safety, Immune, and Antiviral Effects of Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2b Administration in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Individuals: Results of Pilot Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Papasavvas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Azzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Pagliuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Mohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian N.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Fair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie J.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria J.","family":"Hazuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chomont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karam","family":"Mounzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonathan Lax Immune Disorders Treatment Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay R.","family":"Kostman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Bell Health Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tebas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 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