{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:40:54Z","timestamp":1777380054926,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The level of T cell activation is a better predictor of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell depletion in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients than viral load. Artesunate is an artemisinin derivative that has an immunomodulatory effect. This study investigated whether artesunate tablet reduces T cell activation and improves immune reconstitution among patients with suboptimal immune recovery despite receiving long-term effective HAART. This was a randomized prospective parallel open-label trial consisting of 45 participants whose plasma HIV load was effectively suppressed by HAART for &gt;18 months and who had CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell counts of &lt;300 cells\/\u03bcL or an increase of &lt;20% from baseline. The patients were randomized 2:1 into the artesunate group or the control group and received artesunate tablets (orally, 50\u2009mg two times daily) combined with HAART or HAART alone, respectively. T cell subsets, activation markers, clinical symptoms, viral load, and side effects were assessed. By 48 weeks, artesunate tablet did not improve CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell recovery or reduce the activation of T cell subsets but induced in a smaller decline in the expression of T cell activation markers among HAART patients with incomplete immune responses. However, artesunate tablet did appear to reduce the level of T cell apoptosis. One subject developed moderate anemia. Long-term use of artesunate tablet is unlikely to produce substantial clinical benefits in patients receiving HAART who exhibit an incomplete immune response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:52:34Z","timestamp":1619693554000},"page":"100-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Artesunate Tablet on Immune Activation and Reconstitution Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Patients with Incomplete Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Siyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artemisia annua Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artemisia annua Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Medicine Research Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinghua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001085"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001801"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030484"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31816856c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835cb747"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-331306"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1511"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651664"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6936"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0336"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316651738"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1935-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1993.1162"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"2029","article-title":"Regulating effects of artesunate on SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaque Tlymphocyte activation","volume":"32","author":"Chen JT","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen JT, , Xiong SY, , Lin ZF, , Li QF, , Tang Q, , Fu LC: Regulating effects of artesunate on SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaque Tlymphocyte activation. 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