{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:41:52Z","timestamp":1777380112592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The impact of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) on immune dysregulation associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV)\/HIV coinfection is incompletely understood. We serially assessed monocyte activation (neopterin, sCD14, and sCD163) and T cell activation (HLA-DR, CD38) and immune exhaustion [program cell death protein 1 (PD1), TIGIT] in HIV\/HCV-coinfected individuals who participated in a randomized trial performed in Vietnam designed to assess the hepatotoxicity of raltegravir (RAL)- versus efavirenz (EFV)-based therapy when used as first-time ART in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. Baseline pre-ART values were compared with those from ART-naive HIV-monoinfected and HIV-seronegative individuals. Before ART, HIV\/HCV-coinfected individuals had higher levels of neopterin, sCD14, and sCD163, and increased frequencies of CD38\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    HLA-DR\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , PD1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and TIGIT\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with ART-naive HIV-monoinfected or HIV-seronegative individuals (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Most parameters did not normalize despite 72 weeks of ART. In particular sCD163 persisted at high levels. Improvement over 72 weeks in fibrosis as assessed by FibroScan\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    correlated with reductions in plasma sCD163 and in the frequencies of T cell activation, single PD1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , TIGIT\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and dual PD1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TIGIT\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8 T cells. A nonsignificant tendency toward more favorable effects on monocyte and T cell immune activation and on T cell exhaustion were seen with RAL-compared with EFV-based therapy. The initiation of ART in HIV\/HCV-coinfected individuals is associated with incomplete improvement in monocyte and T cell immune activation and exhaustion, which was associated with some corresponding improvement in liver fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T01:22:08Z","timestamp":1638580928000},"page":"441-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunologic Change over 72 Weeks Following Raltegravir- Versus Efavirenz-Based Therapy in HIV\/HCV-Coinfected Individuals in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia M.","family":"Shikuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thuy","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thao Vu","family":"Phuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada."},{"name":"Saskatchewan Infectious Disease Care Network, Saskatoon, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen M.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Van Vinh Chau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trieu Ly","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam."},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chathura","family":"Siriwardhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayk","family":"Ghukasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nath","family":"Limpruttidham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Premeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louie Mar","family":"Gangcuangco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lishomwa C.","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. 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