{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:02:16Z","timestamp":1789128136651,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diagnosis of neurosyphilis is currently based on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessments and CSF-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (CSF-VDRL) is the traditional \u201cgold standard.\u201d In the real world, CSF assessments and CSF-VDRL are not always available. This study aimed to identify noninvasive predictors of neurosyphilis based on real-world clinical parameters and diagnostic criteria in populations with different HIV status. In this retrospective cohort study, syphilis patients with different HIV statuses hospitalized for neurosyphilis screening were retrospectively recruited at an infectious disease hospital. Neurosyphilis was defined by real-world diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to investigate and evaluate predictors of neurosyphilis. In total, 528 patients were enrolled, including 143 syphilis patients without HIV infection and 385 HIV\/syphilis-co-infected patients. One hundred twelve and 304 neurosyphilis patients were identified in the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups, respectively. A high serum toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) titer was a robust predictor of neurosyphilis in all participants. An age \u226550 years old [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20095.062, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.449\u201317.680] in the HIV-negative group and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell count &lt;330\/\u03bcL (&lt;300 as reference, aOR\u2009=\u20090.552, 95% CI, 0.315\u20130.966) in the HIV-positive group were predictors of asymptomatic neurosyphilis. In real-world situations, for asymptomatic syphilis patients, relatively old age and a high serum TRUST titer in HIV-negative populations, and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells &lt;330\/\u03bcL and\/or serum TRUST titer &gt;1:64 in HIV-positive populations might predict neurosyphilis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T13:03:50Z","timestamp":1627391030000},"page":"406-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparing Noninvasive Predictors of Neurosyphilis Among Syphilis Patients With and Without HIV Co-Infection Based on the Real-World Diagnostic Criteria: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongdong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinchuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. 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China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjiang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Affiliated Mental Center, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. 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China AIDS\/STD, 2018; 24:111.","journal-title":"China AIDS\/STD"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China: Regular press conference: Progress in the prevention and treatment of AIDS in China. 2020. http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/wjw\/xinx\/xinxi.shtml accessed March1 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-009-0019-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2013.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079391"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000687"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1914502"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000250"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001754"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of syphilis, gonorrhea and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"53","author":"National Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Venereology Group of Chinese Society of Dermatology; Subcommittee on Venereology of China Dermatologist Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Center for STD Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Venereology Group of Chinese Society of Dermatology; Subcommittee on Venereology of China Dermatologist Association. 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Chin J Contemp Neurol Neurosurg, 2019; 19:110\u2013114.","journal-title":"Chin J Contemp Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir671"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002528"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13514"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16946"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","first-page":"724","article-title":"An analysis of cerebrospinal flllid and serological results on patients with syphilis and their predictive values for neurosyphilis","volume":"27","author":"Weijie L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weijie L, , Jie G, , Xiaowei C, et al.: An analysis of cerebrospinal flllid and serological results on patients with syphilis and their predictive values for neurosyphilis. 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