{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:36Z","timestamp":1787008236547,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We performed retrospective chart reviews and described the clinical characteristics, exposure risks, and disease severity of people living with HIV (PLWH) attending the Chronic Viral Illness Service (CVIS) in Montreal, Canada, who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during September 2020\u2013August 2021, coinciding with the second and third waves of the pandemic. A total of 61 PLWH with a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction were identified, giving a COVID-19 prevalence of 5%. The most common exposure risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during waves two and three was having a family member\/close contact with COVID-19 (36%). Similar to what we observed during the first wave, PLWH who acquired COVID-19 during waves two and three of the pandemic often worked or lived in long-term care residences or health care settings, putting them at risk. Five people (8%) were asymptomatic. Nearly all persons had mild disease on initial presentation and most had a full recovery. Two individuals were admitted to hospital with COVID-19, whereas three individuals acquired COVID-19 nosocomially. No individuals died due to COVID-19. Two individuals developed symptoms associated with long COVID-19 syndrome. Findings highlight the ongoing impact of the social determinants of health during the second and third waves of the pandemic in PLWH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T02:38:36Z","timestamp":1645065516000},"page":"359-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Short Communication: Ongoing Impact of the Social Determinants of Health During the Second and Third Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in People Living with HIV Receiving Care in a Montreal-Based Tertiary Care Center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Almomen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lebouch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Frenette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia T.","family":"Costiniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases\/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the members of the McGill University Health Centre Chronic Viral Illness Service","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-014-9895-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterization of people living with HIV in a Montreal-based tertiary care center with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic","volume":"33","author":"Fehr D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fehr D, , Lebouche B, , Ruppenthal L, et al.: Characterization of people living with HIV in a Montreal-based tertiary care center with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. AIDS Care, 2021; 33:1\u20137.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/montreal\/quebec-second-wave-underway-1.5732666; https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/montreal\/quebec-third-wave-covid-variants-1.5965042 accessed September26 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"Institut national de sante publique du Quebec. Available at https:\/\/www.inspq.qc.ca\/covid-19\/donnees\/eclosions accessed September26 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"Sante Montreal Situation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Montreal. https:\/\/santemontreal.qc.ca\/fileadmin\/fichiers\/Campagnes\/coronavirus\/situation-montreal\/rapports-etat-evaluation-montreal\/COVID19-Situation-Montreal-Arrondissements-VillesLiees accessed September26 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31200-9"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2021.0186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2021.0186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2021.0186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:16:26Z","timestamp":1777367786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/aid.2021.0186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2021.0186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2021.0186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}